长白山地区土壤水蚀时空演变特征及驱动因素分析  

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Soil Erosion and Its Driving Factors in Changbai Mountain Area

作　　者：马云飞 许翔驰 马艳敏[1,2,3] 全秋浩 吴玉洁 王冬妮[1,3] MA Yun-fei;XU Xiang-chi;MA Yan-min;QUAN Qiu-hao;WU Yu-jie;WANG Dong-ni(Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062,China;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology&Climate Change,Changchun 130062,China;Science and Technology Innovation Center of Agricultural Meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment and Prevention and Control of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062,China;Meteorological Information Network Center of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象科学研究所,长春130062 [2]长白山气象与气候变化吉林省重点实验室,长春130062 [3]吉林省农业气象灾害风险评估与防控科技创新中心,长春130062 [4]吉林省气象信息网络中心,长春130062

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第4期78-85,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J059);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210203153SF);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210203150SF)。

摘　　要：探讨长白山地区受极端降水、地形复杂、植被破坏等因素影响造成的土壤侵蚀状况,可以研判该地区水土流失情况,为当地水土生态保护提供科学参考。利用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)、趋势及相关分析法,定量分析长白山地区土壤水蚀的空间格局及时空分布特征,并探究土壤水蚀与气候、植被覆盖度及地形驱动因子的关系。结果表明:2000-2020年长白山地区土壤水蚀模数均值总体呈“西南高,东北低”的空间格局。相较于其他地类,草地、未利用地、林地更易发生土壤水蚀。近21 a来,土壤水蚀模数平均以0.0255 t/(hm^(2)·a)的速度上升,土壤水蚀模数表现为上升趋势的地区占研究区总面积的68.3%,侵蚀等级总体以微度和轻度为主,且轻度侵蚀比例也呈增加趋势,表明该地区土壤侵蚀状况趋于好转,未来吉林市中北部和延边州部分地区的水土流失风险较高。土壤水蚀与降水、海拔高度及坡度具有较为显著的正相关关系,而与气温、植被覆盖度的相关性以负相关为主。海拔大于1000 m或坡度大于20°的草地、林地区域是水土防治的重点地形区。Exploring the soil erosion status in the Changbai Mountain region caused by factors such as extreme precipitation,complex topography,and vegetation destruction can provide scientific reference for local soil and water ecological protection.Using the modified RUSLE,trend and correlation analysis,the spatial pattern and temporal distribution characteristics of soil water erosion in Changbai Mountain were quantitatively analyzed.Additionally,the relationship between soil water erosion and climate,vegetation coverage and topographic driving factors was explored.The results show that the average soil water erosion modulus in the Changbai Mountains from 2001 to 2020 exhibited a spatial pattern of"high in southwest and low in northeast".Compared with other land types,grassland,unused land and forest land were more prone to soil water erosion.Over the past 21 years,the soil water erosion modulus increased at an average rate of 0.0255 t/(hm^(2)·a),and the areas showed an increasing trend of soil water erosion modulus accounted for 68.3%of the total study area.The erosion grade was mainly mild,and the proportion of mild erosion also showed an increasing trend,indicating an overall improvement in the soil erosion situation in the area.In the future,the risk of soil erosion is higher in the central and northern part of Jilin City and some parts of Yanbian Prefecture.Soil water erosion was positively correlated with precipitation,elevation and slope,while negatively correlated with air temperature and vegetation coverage.The grassland and woodland areas with elevation exceeding 1000 m or slope steeper than 20°are the key topographic areas for soil and water control.

关 键 词：长白山地区 土壤水蚀 修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE) 气候变化 植被覆盖度 地形驱动因子 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]