聚丙烯复合开孔泡沫材料的制备与重复吸油性能  

Fabrication of Polypropylene Composite Open-Cell Foams and Repetitive Oil Absorption Performance

作　　者：李占平[1] 王蕾[1] 王方方 袁洪跃 蒋晶[3] LI Zhanping;WANG Lei;WANG Fangfang;YUAN Hongyue;JIANG Jing(College of Electrical Engineering,Henan Mechanical and Electrical Vocational College,Zhengzhou 451191,China;College of Intelligent Engineering,Henan Mechanical and Electrical Vocational College,Zhengzhou 451191,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南机电职业学院电气工程学院,河南郑州451191 [2]河南机电职业学院智能工程学院,河南郑州451191 [3]郑州大学机械与动力工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第3期48-55,共8页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(23A430045)。

摘　　要：本文将聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT-COOH)在双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混,结合超临界二氧化碳(scCO_(2))微孔发泡技术制备用于油水分离应用领域的高发泡倍率、高开孔率的PP复合泡沫材料。通过复合材料的相形态、流变、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、scCO_(2)发泡和重复吸油测试对复合材料的微观结构、黏弹性、结晶性、微孔发泡行为和重复吸油性能展开研究。PS和MWCNT-COOH可以协同提高PP基体的熔体强度,MWCNT-COOH对PP结晶的促进作用强于PS。在PS和MWCNT-COOH协同异相成核作用下,含有10%质量分数的PS、1%质量分数的MWCNT-COOH的PP复合泡沫材料的泡孔密度为4.5×10^(8)个/cm^(3),发泡倍率为22.5倍,开孔率为89%,对硅油和环己烷的最大吸油量分别为19、13.4 g/g,10次循环压缩后泡沫永久形变仅为25%,吸油量分别仍能达到13.8、10.1 g/g。Polypropylene(PP),polystyrene(PS)and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT-COOH)were melt-blended using a twin-screw extruder in this study.Supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO_(2))foaming technology was then used to prepare PP-based composite foams with high foaming ratio and high open-cell content for oil-water separation applications.The microscopic structures,viscoelasticity,crystallinity,foaming behaviors,and repetitive oil absorption performance of the PP-based composites were characterized through morphology,rheology,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scCO_(2) foaming and repetitive oil absorption tests.The results show that PS and MWCNT-COOH can synergistically enhance the melt strength of PP matrix.Compared with PS,MWCNT-COOH exhibits stronger promotion effect on PP crystallization.Under the synergistic heterogeneous nucleation function of PS and MWCNT-COOH,the PP-based syntactic foam containing PS with a mass fraction of 10%and MWCNT-COOH with a mass fraction of 1%exhibits a cell density of 4.5×10^(8) cells/cm^(3),a foaming ratio of 22.5 and an open-cell rate of 89%.Besides,its maximum oil absorption capacities for silicone and cyclohexane are respectively 19 g/g and 13.4 g/g.Even after 10 compression cycles,the permanent deformation of the foam retains only 25%,and the oil absorption capacities for silicone and cyclohexane still maintain at 13.8 g/g and 10.1 g/g,respectively.

关 键 词：聚丙烯 发泡 泡孔结构 循环压缩 吸油 

分 类 号：TQ325.14[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]