氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量和品质的影响  

Effect of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on yield and quality in sweet potato

作　　者：杨春菊 唐道彬[1,2] 张凯 杜康[1,2] 黄红 乔欢欢 王季春 吕长文 YANG Chun-Ju;TANG Dao-Bin;ZHANG Kai;DU Kang;HUANG Hong;QIAO Huan-Huan;WANG Ji-Chun;LYU Chang-Wen(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing,Chongqing 400715,Chin)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715 [2]薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第5期1341-1350,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：重庆市创新与应用研发重点项目(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0022);中央高校基本科研业务专项(XDJK2020B032,XDJK2021 F001);重庆市现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(CQMAITS202303)资助。

摘　　要：基于重庆地区土壤肥力及施肥水平,在保证作物稳产、优质的情况下,探讨氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量、品质、养分利用和土壤肥力的影响,以期确定本地区甘薯是否存在减肥空间以及适宜的减量配施策略。2021—2022年连续2年在重庆市北碚区歇马街道西南大学薯类作物研究所开展田间试验,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,氮、钾各三水平,分别以常规施N量为126.00 kg hm^(-2)(A1),减施10%(A2)和20%(A3);常规施K2O量96.00 kg hm^(-2)(B1),减施5%(B2)和10%(B3)。试验结果表明,一定程度的氮钾减量配施不会造成甘薯产量的显著下降,氮肥减施达到20%(A3)甘薯单株结薯数显著降低,A3较A1显著减产9.25%。氮肥减施10%和20%分别较A1的块根可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.25%和0.36%,钾肥减施10%则较B1的可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.47%。但氮钾减量配施对甘薯块根淀粉率和可溶性蛋白含量存在不利影响。综上所述,相较于本地常规施氮钾量,减氮10%(A2)配合减钾5%(B2),即施氮量为119.70 kg hm^(-2)、施钾量为86.40 kg hm^(-2),不会降低渝薯198产量和土壤酶活性,可作为本区域甘薯生产中的推荐施肥量.Based on the soil fertility and fertilization level in the Chongqing region,to ensure the stable and high-quality crop yields,we explored the effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on sweet potato yield,quality,nutrient utilization,and soil fertility,in order to determine whether there is any space for reducing fertilizer application in sweet potatoes in this area and propose the appropriate reduction application strategy.Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022 at the base of the Potato Crops Research Institute of Southwest University in Xiema Street,Beibei District,Chongqing.Double factor randomized block experimental design was adopted with three levels of nitrogen and potassium applied in this study.The conventional N application rate was 126.00 kg hm-2(A1),the N application rate was reduced by 10%(A2)and 20%(A3),respectively.The conventional application amount of K2O was 96.00 kg hm-2(B1),the application amount of K2O was reduced by 5%(B2)and 10%(B3),respectively.The results showed that moderate N and K2O reduction combined application would not significantly reduce the yield of sweet potato,but reducing N by 20%significantly reduced the number of sweet potato per plant,and the yield of A3 significantly reduced by 9.25%compared to A1.Compared to the control,the soluble sugar content of A2 and A3 significantly increased by 0.25%and 0.36%,respectively,while B3 significantly increased by 0.47%compared to B1.However,it was unfavorable to the starch content and soluble protein content of sweet potato.Therefore,compared with local conventional N and K2O fertilizer application,both reducing N by 10%(A2,119.70 kg hm-2)and K2O by 5%(B2,86.40 kg hm-2)did not significantly decrease the yield of Yushu-198 and soil enzyme activity,which could be recommended as the appropriate fertilization recommendation for sweet potato production in this region.

关 键 词：甘薯 氮钾肥减量配施 产量品质 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]