内蒙古露天煤矿排土场盐碱化土壤脱硫石膏改良研究  

Improvement Effects of Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsums on Saline-Alkaline Soils from Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王常建 佘长超 王晓 余丽娜[3] 张梦利 张萌[3] 高思华 陆兆华[3] WANG Changjian;SHE Changchao;WANG Xiao;YU Lina;ZHANG Mengli;ZHANG Meng;GAO Sihua;LU Zhaohua(Guoneng Baorixile Energy Co.,Ltd.,Hulun Beir 021500,China;Guoneng Beidian Shengli Energy Co.,Ltd.,Xilingol 026000,China;School of Chemical&Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Xi’an Zhongjiao Environmental Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]国能宝日希勒能源有限公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021500 [2]国能北电胜利能源有限公司,内蒙古锡林郭勒026000 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]西安中交环境工程有限公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期39-49,共11页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501108);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303203)。

摘　　要：鉴于露天煤矿排土场存在土壤盐碱化、瘠薄化等问题,以煤矿区发电厂废弃物脱硫石膏(flue gas desulphurization gypsum,FGD gypsum)为土壤改良剂,以露天煤矿排土场土壤为盐碱化土壤基质,以内蒙古半干旱区本地植物斜茎黄芪(Astragalus adsurgens)为试验对象,设置两组试验——土壤柱淋溶试验和盆栽试验,探讨不同添加量(0、1、2、3、4 kg/m^(2))的脱硫石膏对排土场盐碱化土壤理化性质改良及土壤肥力提升的效果。结果发现:施加脱硫石膏后,两组试验中的土壤pH值均显著降低,表明脱硫石膏可通过中和作用有效降低土壤碱性;脱硫石膏添加量小于2 kg/m^(2)时,两组试验土壤中Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)含量均随脱硫石膏添加量的增加而降低,说明适量施加脱硫石膏可以提高土壤离子交换作用的活跃程度,使大量的Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)析出到土壤表面,从而降低土壤盐度,即脱硫石膏对盐碱化土壤的改良效果显著;脱硫石膏添加量小于2 kg/m^(2)时,两组试验土壤中速效氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)的含量均随脱硫石膏添加量的增加而显著增加,说明适量施加脱硫石膏可显著增加土壤有效营养元素含量,有利于缓解土壤瘠薄化,提升盐碱化土壤的肥力水平;脱硫石膏添加量为2 kg/m^(2)时,盆栽试验中斜茎黄芪的种子发芽率、株高、根长、生物量、根量及碳氮比均达到最大值,幼苗成活率接近最大值,表明脱硫石膏改良露天煤矿排土场盐碱化土壤效果显著,2 kg/m^(2)是脱硫石膏的最适宜添加量。In view of soil salinization and barrenness in open-pit coal mine dumps,two sets of tests,leaching in soil columns and potting,were set up to explore effects of flue gas desulphurization gypsums(FGD gypsums)with different additive amounts(0,1,2,3 and 4 kg/m 2)on physicochemical properties and fertility enhancements of saline-alkaline soil.The waste FGD gypsum generated from a power plant in the coal mine area was used as a soil amendment,while saline-alkaline soil was taken from an open-pit coal mine dump as a salinized soil substrate.Astragalus adsurgens,a local plant in semi-arid areas in Inner Mongolia,was used as a test object.Results showed that the soil pH values in the two groups significantly reduced after the application of FGD gypsums,indicating that FGD gypsums can effectively reduce soil alkalinity through neutralization;when the additive amount of FGD gypsums was less than 2 kg/m^(2),contents of Na+and HCO_(3)^(-) in soils of the two groups decreased with increasing additive amounts of FGD gypsums,which indicated that moderate application of FGD gypsums can increase ion exchange activities of the soil,so that large amounts of Na+and HCO_(3)^(-) resulted in precipitation out of the soil surface,and eventually reduction in soil salinity.Therefore,FGD gypsums had a significant effect on salinized soil improvement;when the additive amount of FGD gypsums was less than 2 kg/m^(2),contents of available nitrogen(AN)and available potassium(AK)of the two groups increased notably with increasing additive amounts of FGD gypsums,indicating that moderate application of FGD gypsums can significantly increase contents of effective nutrients in soil,which was conducive to soil infertility alleviation and improvement in fertility level of the salinized soil.When the FGD gypsum was applied at 2 kg/m^(2),the seed germination rate,plant height,root length,biomass,root biomass and carbon and nitrogen ratios of Astragalus adsurgens in potting tests reached their maximums respectively,while the seedling survival rate was cl

关 键 词：煤矿 排土场 脱硫石膏 土壤盐碱化 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] TD824[农业科学—农业基础科学]