历史唯物主义权利观的形成——基于《德意志意识形态》文本的考察  

The Formation of Historical Materialist View of Rights——Based on an Examination of the Text of The German Ideology

作　　者：郑拉娜 Zheng Lana

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学研究》2024年第1期126-134,334,共10页Marxist Philosophical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金规划项目“葛兰西的国家治理理论及其中国启示研究”(项目编号:22YJA720012)。

摘　　要：权利一词具有政治和经济的双重内涵。资产阶级从哲学和经济两个层面对权利进行论证,使其成为财产的守护者和统治的依据。马克思意识到“权利”这一概念在资产阶级统治思想中的重要地位,指出既要批判资本主义意识形态也要批判资本主义的权利概念,因此,他在论战性的文本《德意志意识形态》中多次提到权利一词,并将其作为重要的批判对象。马克思对权利概念的批判,一方面从哲学层面展开,批判了以施蒂纳和费尔巴哈为代表的青年黑格尔派所使用的权利概念具有形而上学的性质;另一方面从经济层面展开,批判了以霍布斯、洛克和休谟等为代表的近代政治经济学家所使用的权利概念具有肯定现实经济状况的特性。马克思运用历史的方法澄清“权利”问题,使“权利”发生了根本性的历史主义转变,最终形成了具体的、历史的和整体的历史唯物主义权利观。The term‘right'has dual connotations of politics and economy.The bourgeoisie vigorously argues for rights from both philosophical and economic perspectives,making them guardians of property and the basis for governance.Marx realized the important position of the concept of"rights"in the ideology of bourgeois rule,and criticizing capitalist ideology must also criticize the concept of rights in capitalism.He repeatedly mentioned the term"rights"in his controversial text The German Ideology and regarded it as an important object of criticism.Marx's critique of the concept of capitalist rights in The German Ideology,on the one hand,is carried out from a philosophical perspective,criticizing the metaphysical rights of the young Hegelian school,mainly composed of Steiner and Feuerbach,and on the other hand,from an economic perspective,criticizing the rights of modern political economists who affirm the nature of the real economic situation.Marx's clarification of the issue of"rights"in The German Ideology utilized historical methods,resulting in a fundamental historical transformation of"rights"and ultimately forming a concrete,historical,and holistic historical materialism of rights.

关 键 词：马克思 权利 历史唯物主义 《德意志意识形态》 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论] A81