海南昌化江入海河口区微塑料污染特征及风险评估  

Characteristics of microplastics pollution and risk assessment in estuaries of Changhua river,Hainan

作　　者：王少露 吴思怡 雷宇 冯莹 谢福武 何书海 WANG Shaolu;WU Siyi;LEI Yu;FENG Ying;XIE Fuwu;HE Shuhai(Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center,Haikou 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省生态环境监测中心,海南海口571126

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第2期292-300,共9页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN0960);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才基金项目(420RC755)。

摘　　要：为了解海南昌化江入海河口区的微塑料分布特征、污染现状和潜在影响因素,本研究于2022年11月对昌化江入海河口开展了表层海水微塑料调查。结果表明:昌化江入海河口区表层水体微塑料丰度为0.10~0.49个/m^(3),平均值为(0.29±0.11)个/m^(3),随岸线距离增加,微塑料丰度整体呈现从河口区到近岸海域递减的变化趋势,近岸陆源输送作用明显。塑料成分以聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)为主,占比分别为36.1%和25.4%。粒径以0.5~2.0 mm范围的微塑料为主,占比为58.6%。形状以片状塑料占主导,占比高达67.4%。颜色以半透明和白色塑料物质居多,占比为71.6%。此外,潜在生态风险指数(PERI)评估结果显示,整个研究区域呈无显著生态风险状态,与国内外研究结果相比,微塑料丰度整体处于低污染水平。To research the distributed characteristics,polluted status and potential factors of microplastics in estuaries of Changhua river,Hainan.Survey of microplastics with surface seawater were studied and analyzed in November 2022.Results revealed that microplastics abundance were ranged from 0.10~0.49 particles/m^(3),with the mean was 0.29±0.11 particles/m^(3).As the distance from the shore increasing,abundance were generally showed a decreasing trends from estuaries to nearshore areas,obviously affected by terrestrial inputs.Components were mainly dominated by polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE),with proportion were 36.1%and 25.4%,respectively.Sizes were mainly composed of microplastics with a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mm,which accounted for 58.6%.Shapes were dominated by fragmented microplastics,with proportion were 67.4%.And colors were made up of translucent and white microplastics were in the majority,with proportion were 71.6%.Results also showed that there were not significant ecological risk in estuaries of Changhua river,and microplastics abundance were still at a low pollution levels,when compared with domestic and foreign studies.

关 键 词：微塑料 污染特征 风险评估 昌化江 入海河口 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4