氧化物气凝胶高温红外改性研究  

Research Advances on High-Temperature Infrared Modification of Oxide Aerogels

作　　者：黄睿名 姜勇刚[1] 柳凤琦 冯军宗[1] 李良军 冯坚[1] Ruiming Huang;Yonggang Jiang;Fengqi Liu;Junzong Feng;Liangjun Li;Jian Feng(Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《化学进展》2024年第2期234-243,共10页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划(No.2022GK2027);湖南省自然科学基金项目(No.2023JJ30632);国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFC2204403)资助。

摘　　要：氧化物气凝胶是一类具有超低热导率的新型纳米多孔材料,在航空航天等高温隔热领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而目前常见的氧化硅、氧化铝等氧化物气凝胶受材料/结构单元固有性质的限制,其通常具有红外透明性,而高温下辐射传热占据主导地位,大量红外辐射会透过气凝胶,热导率急剧攀升,导致其高温隔热性能较差,因此需要对其进行高温红外改性,从而满足更高的隔热性能需求。本文综述了近年来添加遮光剂、纤维及调整气凝胶的结构/形貌在提高氧化物气凝胶高温隔热性能方面的研究进展,并对未来研究方向进行展望。Oxide aerogel is a novel nano-porous material with ultra-low thermal conductivity.In particular,it can be used in spaceflight applications and other thermal management fields.Currently,with high infrared transmittance,most of the common pure oxide aerogels,such as silica and alumina,have no advantages in high-temperature insulation because of their intrinsic property.However,electromagnetic radiation in the near-infrared region is the main mode of heat conduction at high temperatures,accordingly,a large amount of electromagnetic radiation will pass through aerogel and lead to the rapid increase of thermal conductivity.Therefore,to meet the requirement of thermal insulation at higher temperature,it is necessary to reduce the radiative heat transfer.Based on the research status,this paper reviewed the main progress of improving high temperature insulation of oxide aerogel by adding opacifier,fiber and adjusting the structure and morphology.Moreover,the future research direction has prospected.

关 键 词：氧化物气凝胶 红外改性 复合材料 高温隔热 遮光剂 纤维 

分 类 号：O611.62[理学—无机化学] TB34[理学—化学] TU55[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]