车用发动机润滑油减摩抗磨性能劣化试验  

Deterioration Experiments of Antifriction and Anti-wear Properties of Vehicle Engine Oils

作　　者：李猛 彭朝林[1] Li Meng;Peng Chaolin(School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710038)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,西安710038

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第4期717-724,690,共9页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JM-175,2018JQ5115);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(300102222502,300102222112)资助。

摘　　要：减摩抗磨性能是确定发动机润滑油换油周期的关键。本文在行车试验和发动机润滑油样品采集的基础上,采用试验方法开展发动机润滑油减摩抗磨性能变化规律和劣化机理的研究。首先,对所采集油样根据标准要求进行了换油指标测试,发现达到换油周期时,行车试验的发动机润滑油均未超过换油指标限值。然后,利用SRV微动摩擦磨损试验机和四球摩擦磨损试验机对油样的摩擦学性能进行了试验,结果表明发动机润滑油在推荐的服役寿命周期内,存在减摩、抗磨性能最佳的使用里程或时间,此时摩擦因数最小、磨损量最少。最后,使用扫描电子显微镜、EDAX能谱仪对磨痕表面进行表征,以及从发动机润滑油运动黏度变化的角度,分析车用发动机润滑油减摩抗磨性能劣化的内在机理,基础油分子热分解、剪切断裂和热聚合作用是发动机润滑油摩擦因数变化的关键,而抗磨性能变化主要原因是极压抗磨添加剂浓度和摩擦化学反应。该研究结论对于发动机润滑油开发和换油周期确定具有一定理论意义和工程应用价值。Antifriction and anti-wear performance is the key to determine the oil change cycle of vehicle en‐gine oils.Based on driving tests and sample collection of engine oils,the evolution rules and degradation mecha‐nisms of antifriction and anti-wear performance of vehicle engine oils are studied by test methods.Firstly,the col‐lected oil samples are tested according to the standard requirements of oil changing,and it is found that the engine oils in the running test is within the oil change index limit when reaching the oil change cycle.Then,the tribological performance tests of the oil samples are carried out using SRV micro motion friction and wear testing machine and four-ball friction and wear testing machine.The results show that there is a service range or time with the best tribo‐logical performance during the service life cycle of the engine oil,where the friction coefficient is the smallest and the wear volume is the least.Finally,wear track is characterized and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and EDAX energy spectrometer,and from the perspective of the change of kinetic viscosity of engine oil,the inter‐nal mechanism of the deterioration of antifriction and anti-wear performance of engine oil is analyzed.The thermal decomposition,shear fracture and thermal polymerization of base oil molecules are the keys to the change of friction coefficient of engine oil.The main reason for the change of anti-wear properties is the concentration of extreme pres‐sure anti-wear additives and frictional chemical reaction.The research conclusion of this paper has certain theoreti‐cal significance and engineering application value for engine oil development and oil change cycle determination.

关 键 词：摩擦磨损 发动机润滑油 行车试验 劣化机理 试验研究 

分 类 号：U467.2[机械工程—车辆工程]