苦瓜枯萎病生防细菌ZB36的分离鉴定及其定殖特性研究  

Isolation,identification and colonization of biocontrol bacteria ZB36 against bitter gourd Fusarium wilt

作　　者：宋露洋 高沛 张涵 王留超 赵莹 文才艺[1] SONG Luyang;GAO Pei;ZHANG Han;WANG Liuchao;ZHAO Ying;WEN Caiyi(College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Xinzheng Forestry Bureau of Henan Province,Xinzheng 451100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省新郑市林业局,河南新郑451100

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2024年第2期228-238,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金项目(232300420013);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201503110)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选并鉴定对苦瓜枯萎病具有稳定拮抗活性的生防菌株,明确其在苦瓜植株上的定殖特性。【方法】从山东省淄博市耕作地采集土壤样品,以苦瓜枯萎病菌为靶标,通过梯度稀释涂布平板法分离、纯化,获得1株具有稳定拮抗活性的纯培养细菌,命名为ZB36。根据菌株形态学特征、生理生化特性,以及16S rRNA基因和gyrA保守基因序列分析进行菌株鉴定。通过抗生素抗性标记法获得遗传特性和拮抗活性稳定的利福平标记菌株ZB36^(R),并对其在苦瓜上的定殖特性进行探究。【结果】菌株鉴定结果表明,ZB36为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Ba-cillus velezensis)。盆栽试验结果表明,ZB36不仅对苦瓜枯萎病具有显著的防治效果,防效高达74.76%,而且对苦瓜植株也具有显著促生作用,接种ZB36后苦瓜地上部鲜重和株高分别提高了28.65%和22.48%。定殖试验结果表明,ZB36在苦瓜根、茎和叶中均能定殖,且在接种后28 d仍能在这些组织中稳定定殖。【结论】贝莱斯芽孢杆菌ZB36不仅对苦瓜枯萎病具有良好的防治和促生效果,同时也具有较强的定殖能力,具备作为苦瓜枯萎病生防细菌资源开发利用的潜力。【Objective】This study aimed to screen and identify an antagonistic strain with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting effects against bitter gourd Fusarium wilt,and analyze its colonization characteristics in bitter gourd tissues.【Method】The antagonistic strain ZB36 with stable antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordicae was isolated and purified from the cultivated land in Zibo,Shandong Province,by gradient dilution coating flat plate method.Based on its morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical properties,and 16S rRNA and gyrA conserved gene sequence analysis,the strain ZB36^(R)was identified.Meanwhile,the antibiotic-marked strain ZB36^(R)with stable genetic characteristics and antagonistic activity was obtained by using rifampicin induction method,and its colonization characteristic in bitter gourd tissues was analyzed.【Result】Strain identification demonstrated that the antagonistic strain ZB36 was identified as Bacillus velezensis.The results of pot experiments showed that the strain not only had a significant control on bitter gourd Fusarium wilt,with a control efficacy of 74.76%,but also had a plant growth promotion effect.After inoculation with ZB36,the fresh weight and plant height of the aerial parts of bitter gourd increased by 28.65% and 22.48%,respectively.The colonization experiment results showed that ZB36 could colonize the roots,stems and leaves of bitter gourd,and could still be stably colonized in these tissues of 28 days post inoculation.【Conclusion】Bacillus velezensis ZB36 not only has a significant control and plant growth-promoting effects on bitter gourd Fusarium wilt,but also has a higher colonization capacity.In summary,the strain ZB36 is an excellent resource with biocontrol potential to Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd.

关 键 词：苦瓜 苦瓜枯萎病 生防细菌 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]