陕西韩城普照寺彩绘泥塑制作材料与工艺研究  

Study of the materials and techniques for painted clay sculptures at Puzhao Temple in Hancheng,Shaanxi

作　　者：高燕 周萍 王展 党小娟 纪娟 相建凯 GAO Yan;ZHOU Ping;WANG Zhan;DANG Xiaojuan;JI Juan;XIANG Jiankai(Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省文物保护研究院,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第2期33-44,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：普照寺位于陕西省韩城市,寺内现存有五尊精美绝伦的元代彩绘泥塑。为了解普照寺彩绘泥塑制作材料与工艺,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微红外光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜-能谱仪和X光照相等技术手段进行科学分析。结果表明,普照寺彩绘泥塑内部结构为十字型交叉木骨架,粗泥层和细泥层塑土矿物成分基本一致,具有强度高、抗风化能力强和可塑性好的特点;粗泥加筋材料为麦秸秆和麦粒壳,细泥加筋材料为棉和麻;颜料层显色成分除蓝色外均为古代壁画常见的矿物颜料,存在重层重彩情况。研究结果将为普照寺彩绘泥塑的后续保护修复提供科学依据,并为陕西地区元代彩绘泥塑传统工艺的研究补充科学信息。Puzhao Temple is located in Hancheng,Shaanxi Province.There are five exquisite painted clay sculptures of the Yuan Dynasty in the temple.In order to understand the materials and techniques used for the sculptures,optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,micro-infrared spectrometry,micro-Raman spectrometry,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and X-radiography were used for scientific analyses.The results show that 1)the sculptures were repainted;2)the internal structure was a cross wooden skeleton;3)the mineral compositions of the soil in the coarse and fine clay layers were basically the same,with the soil featuring high strength,strong weathering resistance and good plasticity;4)the coarse clay-reinforcement materials were wheat straw and wheat husk,and the fine clay-reinforcement materials were cotton and hemp;5)the coloration components of the pigment layer were common mineral pigments seen in ancient murals,except for the blue one.These research results may provide a scientific basis for the follow-up conservation and restoration of the painted clay sculptures at Puzhao Temple,and also scientific information for the study of the traditional techniques for Yuan Dynasty painted clay sculptures in Shaanxi.

关 键 词：普照寺 彩绘泥塑 制作材料 制作工艺 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]