2012—2020年合肥市急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis cases in Hefei City,2012-2020

作　　者：胡蝶 王波[1] 李倩 靳玉惠[1] HU Die;WANG Bo;LI Qian;JIN Yuhui(Hefei Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei,Anhui 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第4期428-431,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2012—2020年合肥市急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例的流行特征,为维持全市无脊灰状态策略的制定提供依据。方法收集2012—2020年合肥市AFP病例相关流行病学资料,使用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析;采用R 4.3.0软件进行空间自相关分析。结果2012—2020年合肥市累计报告AFP病例246例,年均报告发病率2.14/10万,季节差异不明显。男女性别比2.15∶1,2岁组发病率最高,8.41/10万,8岁组的发病率最低,0.78/10万。96.75%的病例完成至少3剂次的脊灰疫苗基础免疫,4~15岁组86.21%的病例完成第4剂次的脊灰疫苗接种。麻痹60 d后随访10.98%的病例残留麻痹,99.59%的病例随访由疾控机构的工作人员承担。空间自相关分析发现2020年AFP报告发病高-高聚集区位于包河区,低-低聚集区位于庐江县。结论合肥市应提升基层临床医生对AFP病例的早期鉴别和诊断能力;推进脊灰疫苗加强免疫;增加对残留麻痹后遗症的关注,鼓励康复医生参与随访工作;探索地区精准防控策略。Objective To investigate the epidemic features of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)cases in Hefei City during 2012-2020,and to provide a basis for developing strategies for consolidating the polio-free situation.Methods The epidemiological data about AFP cases in Hefei City from 2012 to 2020 were collected,and then statistically analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed using R 4.3.0.Results A total of 246 AFP cases were cumulatively reported in Hefei City from 2012 to 2020,with the average annual reported incidence rate being 2.14/100,000.The differences in the seasonality of the incidence were not obvious.The proportion of male to female was 2.15:1.The incidence rate of the group aged 2 years was the highest(8.41/100,000),while the incidence rate of the group aged 8 years was the lowest(0.78/100,000).96.75% of the cases had completed at least three primary doses of polio vaccine,and 86.21% of the cases in the group aged 4-15 years had completed the fourth dose of polio vaccine.The follow-up visit at the 60th day after paralysis showed that 10.98% cases still had residual paralysis.99.59% of the cases were followed up by CDC staff.Spatial autocorrelation analysis displayed that the high-high cluster area of the reported incidence in 2020 was located in Baohe District,while the low-low cluster area was located in Lujiang County.Conclusion It is necessary to improve the grass-roots clinicians’ability in early differentiation and diagnosis of AFP cases in Hefei City,promote booster immunization of polio vaccine,pay more attention to residual paralysis sequelae,encourage rehabilitation doctors to participate in follow-up visits,and explore targeted regional prevention and control strategies.

关 键 词：急性弛缓性麻痹 流行特征 空间自相关 麻痹康复 

分 类 号：R512.4[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]