四川南充碱性紫色土春见桔橙园不同水平施磷的效果  

Effects of different rates of phosphorus application in Harumi tangor orchard of alkaline purple soil in Nanchong,Sichuan,China

作　　者：何瑞杰 喻莹 张婉玲 郑永强 吕强 谢让金 马岩岩 易时来 HE Ruijie;YU Ying;ZHANG Wanling;ZHENG Yongqiang;LYU Qiang;XIE Rangjin;MA Yanyan;YI Shilai(Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center/National Digital Planting(Citrus)Innovation Sub-Center,Beibei,Chongqing 400712,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心/国家数字种植业(柑桔)创新分中心,重庆400712

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第2期28-33,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0700602,2016YFD0200104);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2020jscx-msxmX0026,cstc2020jscx-msxm0079);荆门市漳河新区农业水利局“中国农业科学院柑桔研究所荆门专家工作站”(第二期)资助。

摘　　要：为探寻四川省南充市碱性紫色土春见桔橙绿色优质生产的适宜施磷量,以7年生香橙砧春见桔橙为试材,在年施用相同氮肥(尿素,以N计,350 g·株^(-1)·年^(-1))和钾肥(硫酸钾,以K_(2)O计,为347 g·株^(-1)·年^(-1))的条件下,设置不同施磷水平(过磷酸钙,以P_(2)O_(5)计,61、92、125、154、180、215 g·株^(-1)·年^(-1))处理,比较不同处理春见桔橙根系活力、土壤酶活及果实内在品质,并采用主成分分析法对不同处理的综合效果进行评价。结果表明,随着施磷水平提高,根系活力先增加后降低,土壤有效磷含量先上升后下降,碱性磷酸酶与蔗糖酶活性均先增后降,土壤脲酶活性变化没有规律性,施磷水平对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响不显著,果实可溶性固形物含量总体下降,可滴定酸含量先降低后升高,固酸比总体上升,维生素C含量先降低后升高,以180 g/株处理的综合效果最好。In order to explore the appropriate phosphorus application rate for the green and high-quality production of Harumi tangor in alkaline purple soil in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province,7-year-old Harumi tangor on Citrus junos rootstock was used as test material.Under the conditions of the same annual application of nitrogen fertilizer(urea,350 g·plant^(-1)·year^(-1)in terms of N)and potash fertilizer(347 g·plant^(-1)·year^(-1)in terms of K_(2)O),different rates of phosphorus fertilizer(calcium superphosphate,P_(2)O_(5),61,92,125,154,180,215 g·plant^(-1)·year^(-1))treatments were applied to compare the root vigor,soil enzyme activity and fruit intrinsic quality of Harumi tangor,and evaluate the comprehensive effect of different treatments by principal component analysis.The results showed that with the increase of phosphorus application,the root vigor increased and then decreased,the effective phosphorus content in soil increased and then decreased,the activities of both alkaline phosphatase and sucrase increased and then decreased,but the changes of soil urease activity were not regular.The effect of phosphorus application rate on the activity of soil catalase was not significant.The soluble solid content of fruits decreased in general,the content of titratable acid decreased and then increased,the solid-acid ratio increased in general,and the vitamin C content decreased at first and then increased.Among the treatments,180 g·plant^(-1)·year^(-1)treatment had the best overall effect.

关 键 词：春见桔橙 施磷水平 根系活力 土壤酶活 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]