末次秋梢不同抽生期对“仙进奉”荔枝成花着果、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of different sprouting stages of last autumn shoot on the flowering,fruiting,yield and quality of Xianjinfeng litchi

作　　者：张航 谢仙林 钱大伟 赵明磊 李建国[1] ZHANG Hang;XIE Xianlin;QIAN Dawei;ZHAO Minglei;LI Jianguo(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第2期63-67,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2300805);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系(CARS32-09)资助。

摘　　要：以“仙进奉”荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)为试材,设置8月下旬、9月中旬和9月下旬不同时期抽生末次秋梢,测定比较不同处理的结果母枝质量、成花枝率、着果、株产和果实品质。结果表明,9月中旬抽生末次秋梢的植株结果母枝质量最佳,粗度中等,长度最长;其成花枝率和挂果枝率最高,分别为94.41%和63.57%;果实发育期间的累积落果率最低,只有77.38%;株产和单果质量最高,分别为59.6 kg和25.37g,比8月下旬和9月下旬抽生末次秋梢植株株产分别增加158.4%和21.64%,单果质量分别增加8.8%和6.0%。不同时期抽生末次秋梢处理对焦核率、可食率、可溶性固形物含量及固酸比的影响不明显。推测在广州地区“仙进奉”荔枝末次秋梢抽生以9月中旬较为适宜。Xianjinfeng litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)was used as the test material,and selected the last autumn shoots sprouted in late August,mid-September and late-September to investigate and compare the fruiting branch quality,flowering branch rate,fruiting,yield per plant and fruit quality of different treatments.The results showed that the litchi trees with the last autumn shoots generated in mid-September had the best quality of fruiting branches with medium thickness and longest length,the highest flowering branch rate and fruit-bearing branch rate(94.41%and 63.57%,respectively),and the lowest cumulative fruit drop rate of only 77.38%during fruit development.The yield per plant and single fruit weight of the trees were the highest at 59.6 kg and 25.37 g,which were 158.4%and 21.64%,and 8.8%and 6.0%higher than those of the trees with last autumn shoots sprouted in late August and late September,respectively.There was no significant effect of different shooting periods of last autumn shoots on the abortive-seeded rate,edible rate,TSS(Total Soluble Solids)and TSS/TA(Total Soluble Solids/Titratable Acidity)of litchi fruits.It is speculated that in Guangzhou area,the more suitable period for Xianjinfeng litchi to produce last autumn shoots is mid-September.

关 键 词：“仙进奉” 荔枝 末次秋梢 成花 株产 固酸比 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]