油菜素内酯和赤霉素处理对荔枝抗寒性及成花的影响  

Effects of brassinosteroid and gibberellin on chilling resistance and floral formation of Litchi chinensis

作　　者：易晨歆 胡嘉琪 周碧燕[1] YI Chenxin;HU Jiaqi;ZHOU Biyan(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hualong Litchi Industry Research Institute in Conghua District,Guangzhou City,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院/农业农村部华南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室/广州市从化区华隆荔枝产业研究院,广州510642

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第2期68-74,82,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000302);国家自然科学基金(32072515)资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨油菜素内酯和赤霉素处理对荔枝抗寒性的影响,对田间6年生“桂味”荔枝盆栽植株分别喷施208μM赤霉素(GA_(3)),0.5、1、2μM油菜素内酯(24-表油菜素内酯,24-EBR)和蒸馏水(对照),经过2015—2016年冬季自然低温,特别是2016年1月下旬的极端低温天气后,比较不同植物生长调节剂处理植株叶片、花芽寒害发生情况以及成花状况,测定叶片相对电导率,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果表明,经历自然极端低温后,GA_(3)处理和对照(蒸馏水)植株的“现白点”花芽和叶片出现寒害症状,且GA_(3)处理植株的寒害程度比对照(蒸馏水)植株重,表现为树体逐渐衰弱,甚至死亡;24-EBR处理植株无明显寒害症状。24-EBR处理减缓因低温引起的叶片相对电导率增加,提高叶片SOD和POD活性。说明油菜素内酯处理可以提高“桂味”荔枝抗寒性,而赤霉素则降低其抗寒性。To investigate brassinosteroid(BR)and gibberellin(GA_(3))on chilling resistance of litchi(Litchi chinensis),potted Guiwei litchi trees were sprayed with gibberellin in a concentration of 208μM and brassinosteroid in concentrations of 0.5μM,1μM,and 2μM,and distilled water as control.Chilling injury of the buds and leaves,floral formation of litchi under treatments of different plant regulators were compared after low temperature in winter of 2015,especially after extremely low temperature in late January.Leaf relative conductivity and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)were determined.Result showed that chilling injury symptoms were found on the whitish millets(panicle primordia)and leaves of the GA_(3)-treated plants and the control trees,but the injury of the GA_(3)-treated trees was more serious than that of control trees.GA_(3)-treated trees became weaker and weaker and died at last.BR-treated trees showed no obvious chilling injury symptom.BR significantly reduced the increase of relative conductivity,increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD).The results suggested that exogenous BR treatment could increase chilling resistance whereas GA_(3)decreased chilling resistance of litchi.

关 键 词：荔枝 油菜素内酯 赤霉素 抗寒性 成花 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]