两种催花剂处理对“台农4号”菠萝催花效果的影响  

Effects of two kinds of flower-inducing agents on the flower dnducing of Tainong No.4 pineapple

作　　者：邓彪[1] 刘业强[1] 徐健 陈仁雄 张丹 郑平[2] 王路路 覃植盛 韦建烈 杜路淼 秦源 王小媚[1,2] DENG Biao;LIU Yeqiang;XU Jian;CHEN Renxiong;ZHANG Dan;ZHENG Ping;WANG Lulu;TAN Zhisheng;WEI Jianlie;DU Lumiao;QIN Yuan;WANG Xiaomei(Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350000,China;Guangxi Huanong Fengli Modern Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所/农业农村部南宁南亚热带果树科学观测实验站,南宁530007 [2]福建农林大学,福州350000 [3]广西华农凤梨现代农业科技有限公司,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第2期91-96,102,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(2021AA20025);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西特色水果创新团队菠萝育种与栽培岗位(nycytxgxcxtd-17-05);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT046);企业横向项目[HNHT-HNCN(HNEL)-2023-001]资助。

摘　　要：针对生产上“台农4号”菠萝诱导催花通常采用电石处理2~3次,操作复杂,且不利于绿色安全生产,采用植物生长调节剂乙烯利进行“台农4号”菠萝诱导催花处理,测定比较不同浓度乙烯利和电石处理的结果性状和果实内外品质。结果表明,“台农4号”菠萝对乙烯利催花较敏感,较低浓度(30 mg/kg)乙烯利处理的抽蕾率可以达到99%以上,而高浓度(960 mg/kg和480 mg/kg)乙烯利和电石处理的平均单果质量无显著性差异,均在1.08 kg以上,低浓度(240、30 mg/kg)乙烯利处理的单果质量较低。在果实外观方面,480、960 mg/kg乙烯利催花处理的圆筒果率显著高于其他处理,均超过94%,较1.25%电石灌心2次处理高32%,说明高浓度乙烯利处理可以显著提高圆筒果率。在果实内在品质方面,乙烯利催花处理的维生素C含量、总糖含量、糖酸比、可溶性固形物含量显著高于电石催花处理。相关性分析表明,乙烯利催花处理浓度与果实维生素C含量、总糖含量、糖酸比和可溶性固形物呈极显著正相关,而与柠檬酸含量呈极显著负相关。综合来看,“台农4号”菠萝采用960 mg/kg乙烯利(40%乙烯利水剂500倍液)+0.2%尿素灌心催花处理效果较佳,抽蕾率99.69%,圆筒果率99.38%,平均单果质量1.22 kg,维生素C 40.45 mg/100 g,可溶性固形物17.93%,总糖17.84%,柠檬酸0.61%,糖酸比29.51,建议生产上可替代电石催花。Ethephon,a plant growth regulator,was used to induce flowering for Tainong No.4.In common practice,calcium carbide is used to induce the flowering,which is a complicated practice and unfavorable for green and safe production.Fruiting characteristics and fruit quality of pineapple treated with different concentrations of ethephon and calcium carbide were detected and compared.The results showed that Tainong No.4 pineapple was highly sensitive to ethephon for flowering induction.Even treating with ethephon at a very low concentration(30 mg/kg),the flowering induction rate still exceeded 99%.However,at higher concentrations(960 mg/kg and 480 mg/kg),there was no significant difference in the average single fruit weight between ethephon(40%)and calcium carbide treatments,both exceeded 1.08 kg.On the other hand,at low concentrations(240,30 mg/kg),a 40%ethephon treatment led to a decrease in fruit weight.Regarding to the fruit appearance,a high concentration of ethephon(480,960 mg/kg)significantly increased the proportion of cylindrical-shaped fruit of Tainong No.4 than other treatments to more than 94%,which was 32%higher than that of the treatment with 1.25%calcium carbide for two times.In intrinsic fruit quality,compared with calcium carbide,the ethephon treatment significantly increased the vitamin C content,total sugar content,sugar-to-acid ratio,and soluble solids of pineapple fruit.The correlation analysis results indicated extremely significant positive correlations between the concentration of ethephon and the vitamin C content,total sugar content,sugar-to-acid ratio,and soluble solids of pineapple fruit,but extremely significant negative correlation with citric acid content.Considering fruit shape,yield,and quality,the most effective flowering induction for Tainong No.4 was 960 mg/kg ethephon combined with 0.2%urea,with induction rate of 99.69%,cylindrical fruit rate of 99.38%,average single fruit weight of 1.22 kg,vitamin C content of 40.45 mg/100 g,soluble solids of 17.93%,total sugar of 17.84%,citric acid o

关 键 词：台农4号 菠萝 乙烯利 催花 电石 圆筒果率 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]