中蕉9号和巴西蕉果穗营养特性的差异性评价  

Evaluation of the differences in nutrition characteristics of the clusters of Zhongjiao No.9 and Brazilian banana

作　　者：张晓龙 李中华 张立丹[1] 何维弟 江家泉 江舒婷 孙少龙 樊小林[1] ZHANG Xiaolong;LI Zhonghua;ZHANG Lidan;HE Weidi;JIANG Jiaquan;JIANG Shuting;SUN Shaolong;FAN Xiaolin(South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510642,China;Wuzhoufeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,LTD.,Yantai,Shandong,264000.China;Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510645,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学/广东省环境友好型肥料工程技术研究中心,广州510642 [2]五洲丰农业科技有限公司,山东烟台264000 [3]广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广州510645

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第2期123-128,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-31);国家重点研发计划(2018YFDO201100,2020YFD1000104)资助。

摘　　要：矿质营养元素对果实品质的提升发挥着重要作用。为探究中蕉9号果品较差的营养学原因,以大田正常管理条件下的中蕉9号和巴西蕉为试材,在成熟期对二者果穗进行破坏性取样,重点检测了对果实品质有重要影响的6种元素(氮、磷、钾、、钙镁、硼),探讨中蕉9号和巴西蕉果穗养分累积和分配的差异。结果表明,中蕉9号果穗的鲜质量和干质量分别为33.38 kg/株和6.73 kg/株,分别比巴西蕉果穗重16.39%和30.16%,但是其总养分累积量和含量却比巴西蕉分别低10.12%和34.78%,主要原因是中蕉9号果穗中的氮、钙、镁含量较低,分别比巴西蕉减少了54.59%、28.18%和88.81%。其次,中蕉9号果轴中较高养分分配比例也对果实养分含量不利,中蕉9号果轴中18%的养分分配比例显著大于巴西蕉的12%。综合可得,中蕉9号果实中的养分含量较低,为提高中蕉9号的养分含量,以品质优良的巴西蕉养分含量为参考标准,建议中蕉9号生长发育后期的N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O施肥配比为1∶0.12∶1.71,同时还需加强钙镁肥的施用,以提高中蕉9号果实中养分含量,改善品质。Mineral nutrients play an important role in improving the quality of fruit.To explore the nutritional reasons for the poor fruit quality of Zhongjiao No.9,Zhongjiao No.9 and Brazilian banana under normal field management were used as test materials to conduct destructive sampling on their clusters at maturity,and six elements(nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium and boron)that have important effects on fruit quality were mainly detected,and the differences in nutrient accumulation and distribution between Zhongjiao No.9 and Brazilian banana clusters were discussed.The results showed that the fresh weight and dry weight of the clusters of Zhongjiao No.9 were 33.38 kg per plant and 6.73 kg per plant,which were 16.39%and 30.16%higher than that of Brazil banana,respectively,but the total nutrient accumulation and content was 10.12%and 34.78%lower than that of Brazil banana,respectively.The main reason was that the content of nitrogen,calcium and magnesium in the clusters of Zhongjiao No.9 was lower,which was 54.59%,28.18%and 88.81%lower than that of Brazil banana,respectively.Secondly,the higher proportion of nutrient distributed in the fruit axis of Zhongjiao No.9 was also unfavorable to the nutrient content of the fruit.The percentage(18%)of nutrient distributed in the fruit axis of Zhongjiao No.9 was also significantly higher than that of Brazil banana(12%).It can be concluded that the nutrient content of Zhongjiao No.9 fruit is low.In order to improve the nutrient content of Zhongjiao No.9,it is suggested that the N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O ratio of Zhongjiao No.9 is 1:0.12:1.71 at the later stage of growth and development.The application of calcium and magnesium fertilizers should be strengthened to improve the nutrient content of Zhongjiao No.9 fruit for improving its quality.

关 键 词：中蕉9号 巴西蕉 果实品质 矿质元素 累积与分配 养分管理 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]