浙江金华翠冠梨花期气温演变及低温灾害特征分析  

Analysis of temperature evolution and low-temperature disaster characteristics at flowering stage of Cuiguan pear in Jinhua,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：舒素芳 鹿翔 范瑜越 毛俊萱 夏园锋 SHU Sufang;LU Xiang;FAN Yuyue;MAO Junxuan;XIA Yuanfeng(Meteorological Bureau of Jinhua City,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321000,China)

机构地区：[1]金华市气象局,浙江金华321000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第2期159-162,共4页South China Fruits

基　　金：浙江省气象局科技计划项目(2022QN33);金华市科技计划项目(2022-4-079)资助。

摘　　要：利用金华国家基本气象站1953—2022年气温观测数据和金华国家农业气象一级基本站2013—2022年翠冠梨物候观测数据,开展了翠冠梨花期特征和花期气温演变规律分析,依据低温灾害指标分析了翠冠梨花期低温灾害发生演变特征。结果表明,金华翠冠梨花期持续8~12 d,最早始花期为3月14日,最迟谢花末期为4月10日;从20世纪90年代起,3月中旬至4月上旬(翠冠梨花期时段)气温呈现明显上升趋势;翠冠梨花期时段,低温灾害天气发生频率在20世纪50年代和70年代较高,20世纪80年代次之,20世纪60年代、90年代及21世纪相对较小;1953—2022年翠冠梨花期时段极端最低气温年际间波动大,在气候显著变暖背景下遭遇低温灾害频率约为4年一遇,一旦出现低温灾害,低温强度较强,需警惕防范。研究结果为浙江金华梨产业发展和防灾减灾提供了一定的依据。Based on the temperature data of Jinhua national basic weather station from 1953 to 2022 and the Cuiguan pear phenological observation data of Jinhua national agrometeorologicalⅠbasic station from 2013 to 2022,flowering characteristics and temperature evolution regularity at flowering stage of Cuiguan pear were analyzed.Low-temperature disaster characteristics at flowering stage of Cuiguan pear were also analyzed according to low-temperature disaster indicators.The results showed that period time of Cuiguan pear flowering lasted for 8~12 days,and the earliest initial flowering date was March 14th,the latest final fading date was April 10th.From the 1990s,temperature during mid March to early April(flowering stage of Cuiguan pear)showed a clear upward trend.The frequency of low-temperature disaster weather was higher in the 1950s and 1970s,followed by the 1980s,and relatively lower in the 1960s,1990s,and 2000s.Extreme low temperature during Cuiguan pear flowering stage fluctuated greatly from 1953 to 2022.As the climate turned significant warming,the frequency of low-temperature disaster was about once in four years.Once the low-temperature disaster occurs,the intensity of low-temperature could be greater,so prevention measures should be prepared.The research results can provide theoretical reference for pear industry development and disaster mitigation in Jinhua,Zhejiang Province.

关 键 词：翠冠梨 花期 气温 低温灾害 金华市 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]