高温合金熔化焊的研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and future perspectives on superalloy fusion welding

作　　者：孙元[1] 秦鑫冬 王诗洋 侯星宇[1] 张洪宇[1] 谢君[1] 于金江[1] SUN Yuan;QIN Xindong;WANG Shiyang;HOU Xingyu;ZHANG Hongyu;XIE Jun;YU JinJiang(Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Institute of Rare and Scattered Elements,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所,沈阳110016 [2]辽宁大学稀散元素化学研究所,沈阳110036

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2024年第6期1065-1076,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家科技部重大专项资助项目(J2019-VI-0018-0133);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52175368);国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(52201054);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB3700401);沈抚改革创新示范区管理委员会产业创新局揭榜挂帅资助项目(2021JH15)。

摘　　要：综述了高温合金熔化焊的研究进展.对电弧焊、电子束焊和激光焊等常见高温合金熔化焊工艺技术的优势和应用范围进行了阐述;介绍了常见的焊接裂纹类型,并对凝固裂纹、晶界液化裂纹、应变时效裂纹和失塑裂纹的形成机理及影响因素进行了概括总结;此外,从热输入、材料的成分和微观结构以及焊接残余应力等方面探讨了提高熔化焊焊接性的主要技术方法.由于母材合金成分和组织结构与焊接性能密切相关,在未来的发展中,应加强对新兴高温合金和传统不可焊高温合金等的成分设计,此外,也应关注焊接工艺技术的完善以及焊前和焊后处理方法的改进,协同提高高温合金的焊接性能,促进高温合金熔化焊的广泛应用.Owing to their unique high-temperature mechanical properties and outstanding high-temperature oxidation resistance,superalloys have become key materials in aviation,aerospace,petrochemical,metallurgy,electric power,automotive,and other industrial fields.Due to the structural complexity and high manufacturing cost of the hot sections of aeroengines,vessel engines,and gas turbines,the development and practicality of superalloy welding technology are critical to satisfying the design and maintenance requirements of hot sections.In this work,the research progress of superalloy fusion welding is described.Its advantages and application scope,such as arc welding,electron beam welding,and laser welding,are elaborated.Common types of welding cracks are introduced,and the mechanisms and influencing factors of solidification cracks,liquation cracks,strain-age cracks,and ductility-dip cracks are summarized.The primary techniques to enhance the weldability of fusion welding are also examined in terms of heat input,material composition,microstructure,and welding residual stress.The requirements for the temperature-bearing level of superalloys in industrial development are constantly increasing;thus,the types of superalloys are also being iteratively updated.They have evolved from deformed superalloys to ordinary cast polycrystalline superalloys to novel superalloy materials such as directional solidification and single-crystal superalloys.Thus,continuously conducting welding research on emerging superalloys,traditional nonweldable superalloys,and dissimilar materials that are extremely incompatible with metallurgy is necessary.Because the composition and microstructure of the base material have an important bearing on weldability,it is necessary to strengthen the composition design of emerging superalloys and conventional nonweldable superalloys in future works.Moreover,it is critical to pay attention to the improvement of welding process technology and pre-and post-weld treatment methods.In particular,research on detection a

关 键 词：高温合金 熔化焊 焊接工艺 焊接裂纹 焊接性 

分 类 号：TG406[金属学及工艺—焊接]