特定性原则视角下财产的概括处分  

General Disposal of Property under the Principle of Specificity

作　　者：张静[1] ZHANG Jing(Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第2期151-164,共14页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《我国民法评注编纂重大问题研究》(22&ZD205)。

摘　　要：概括处分是指当事人以概括描述的方式确定处分对象的财产处分。概括处分存在于财产集合与将有财产的处分中,往往还伴随着处分对象的嗣后流动。符合“合理识别”标准的概括描述,可以确保特定性原则下的确定性。根据特定性原则下的单一性原理,财产的概括处分是处分之集合。处分对象是被概括描述“捕获”的单一财产,而处分效果也针对单一财产发生。单一性原理不仅具有法政策上的妥当性,而且可以维持物权法原理的体系融贯性。处分生效之后,处分对象的流动并不违反确定性原理。新财产的“流入”和原财产的“流出”分别会导致新物权之取得和原物权之丧失,故整个处分过程具有发展性与阶段性。在一定情况下,处分对象与其他财产相混构成物权法上的混合,进而可以适用《民法典》第322条中的混合规则。动产流动质押中的“概括描述”有别于浮动抵押等交易中的“概括描述”,并且动产流动质押不涉及将有动产处分。General disposal is the disposal where the object is described in a general manner.This type of disposal exists in the disposal of property collection and that of future property without being affected by fluctuations of property.A general description that satisfies the criterion of“reasonable identification”can guarantee certainty under the principle of specificity.According to the rationale of unicity under this principle,general disposal is a collection of disposals.The object of disposal is the individual property covered thereby,and the disposal takes effect with respect to this individual property.The rationale of unicity is not only desirable in legal policy but also necessary for maintaining doctrinal coherence.Fluctuation of the object does not conflict against certainty.“Inflow”of new property and“outflow”of the original property imply acquisition of a new property right and loss of an original property right respectively.For this reason,the entire process of disposal develops into different phases.Under certain circumstances,confusion between the object of disposal and other property constitutes mixing that is regulated by the rule of mixture(Art.322 Civil Code).The“general description”in floating pledge is different from that in secured transactions like floating charge,and the former does not include disposal of future corporeal movables.

关 键 词：特定性原则 概括处分 概括描述 浮动抵押 流动质押 混合 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]