北京胡同的“老北京”特质及其感知的符号过程  

The"Old Beijing"Quality of Beijing Hutong and the Semiotic Process of Its Sensation

作　　者：田海龙 代薇 Tian Hailong;Dai Wei(China University of Petroleum,Beijing;Research Centre for Linguistic Semiotics,Tianjin Foreign Studies University)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京) [2]天津外国语大学语言符号应用传播研究中心

出　　处：《符号与传媒》2024年第1期179-193,共15页Signs & Media

摘　　要：本文基于戈尔和厄文关于“符号过程”的论述,通过对游记《胡同情缘》的分析,探究北京胡同的“老北京”特质如何被感知,进而形成“老北京”感觉质的符号过程。首先借助“区分轴”和“抹除”的概念进行分析,发现该游记对北京胡同的描述镶嵌在关于“古老”对“现代”的区分轴上,在描述砖木青瓦、狭窄街道、街头小贩,以及胡同居民慢节奏生活方式的同时,游记将与之相对的、具有现代特征的环境和人物从描述中抹除,在语言使用形式上呈现出北京胡同的“老北京”特质。之后借助“呈符化”和“分型递归”的概念,发现北京胡同内的建筑(如麦当劳餐厅)在该游记中从指示符转向了像似符,使得胡同内的新建筑不再具有“现代”的指向意义,而与胡同居民的生活方式产生像似关系,进而被赋予“传统”的像似意义;同时,中国胡同的紧凑与美国建筑的疏阔被“分形递归”到胡同居民与美国人的交往方式层面,突显出胡同内居民交往密切的“老北京”特征。文章认为北京胡同“老北京”的特质通过该游记作者建立的“区分轴”以及运用的“抹除”和“呈符化”等手段,从一种潜在的抽象特质转变为具体且被经历的“老北京”感觉质,这一符号过程也是一种意识形态发挥作用的过程。This article analyses Hutong Karma,a travel note by Peter Hessler,to determine how the"old Bejing"quality of Beijing hutong is sensed and further becomes a type of qualia.Drawing on the theory of semiotic process proposed by Gal and Irvine,the article yields two significant findings.First,by applying the concepts of"axis of differentiation"and"erasure",it shows that the"old Bejing"quality of Bejing hutong is embodied in the hatong's architecture and its inhabitants'way of living,the description of which is set in a contrast between oldness and modernness,characteristically emphasising oldness while ignoring suggestions of the modern.Second,by applying the concept of"rhematisation",the article shows that the description of a McDonald's restaurant located in a hatong area turns McDonald's from an index into an icon,no longer referring to fast food but instead representing the slow style of life by forming a relationship with the lifestyle of hutong residents.Furthermore,by applying the concept of"fractual recursivity",the contrast between the density of hutong and wideness of American buildings in the description of hautong is projected to the contrast between people's relations:the intimacy of hutong inhabitants against the looseness of American relations.A discussion of these findings in the light of semiotic process theory leads to an understanding that the"old Beijing"quality of Beijing hutong is processed by the author of this travel note in such a way as to transform a potential and abstract quality into an embodied and experience-able qualia of"old Bejing",in the semiotic process in which the author's ideological work plays a key role.

关 键 词：符号过程 意识形态 北京胡同 感觉质 呈符化 

分 类 号：G127[文化科学] I106.6[文学—世界文学] H059[语言文字—语言学] I046