新能源汽车用铝合金激光-电弧复合焊接研究进展(特邀)  

Review of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Process of Aluminum Alloys for New Energy Vehicles(Invited)

作　　者：王晓南 陈夏明 环鹏程 李响 董其鹏 骆顺存 长海博文 Wang Xiaonan;Chen Xiaming;Huan Pengcheng;Li Xiang;Dong Qipeng;Luo Shuncun;Nagaumi Hiromi(School of Iron and Steel,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation and Resource Recycling of New Energy Vehicles Metal,Suzhou 215021,Jiangsu,China;State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China;Ruike Fiber Laser Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学沙钢钢铁学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]江苏省新能源汽车用金属结构材料绿色制备与资源再生工程研究中心,江苏苏州215021 [3]东北大学轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819 [4]无锡锐科光纤激光技术有限责任公司,江苏无锡214000

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第4期23-40,共18页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(U1864209);江苏省“青蓝工程”基金。

摘　　要：发展新能源汽车是我国从汽车大国迈向汽车强国的必由之路,是应对气候变化、推动绿色发展的战略举措。近年来,作为新能源汽车制造的重要结构材料,车用铝合金性能的不断提升给后续的焊接加工带来了全新的挑战。与传统弧焊热源相比,激光-电弧复合热源具有诸多优势,为抑制铝合金焊接缺陷并提升焊接接头系数提供了新途径。较为全面地总结了近年来国内外学者在铝合金焊接缺陷(如软化、气孔)等形成及调控方面的研究进展,分析了现有研究工作中存在的问题并给出了激光-电弧复合焊接铝合金未来的研究方向,旨在为后续研究及应用提供参考。Significance The development of new energy vehicles is the effective way for China to transition from a large automobile country to an automobile power;this is also a strategic initiative to address climate change and promote green development.As important materials for manufacturing new energy vehicles,the excellent mechanical properties of automotive aluminum alloys have brought new challenges during the subsequent welding processes.The original fine grains and nanoprecipitates of the automotive aluminum alloy are destroyed by the welding heat source,producing noticeable softening in the weld seam and heat-affected zone.Consequently,the mechanical properties of traditional arc-welded joints are inferior to the requirements of industrialization.High-quality and efficient welding of automobile aluminum alloys is a development trend,and traditional welding processes struggle to satisfy this demand.The high-power-density fusion welding process,that is,the laser welding process with low heat input,is used to shorten the softening zone and reduce the adverse effects of the heat source on the substrate plates.Moreover,it also significantly improves welding efficiency because of its high power density.However,as a high inversion material,the laser absorption of aluminum alloys is less than 5%,leading to enormous energy wastage and danger.Meanwhile,the fine spot(diameter of 0.2‒0.6 mm)indicates the poor bridging ability of the laser welding process,and the burning loss produces a weld seam with a poor forming quality and high softening degree.Thus,a laser-arc hybrid welding process is used to weld the aluminum alloy.In the laser-arc hybrid welding process,the laser beam and arc interact in a common weld pool,and their synergic effect increases laser absorption and bridging ability.Moreover,wire filling compensates for the burning loss,thereby improving the forming quality and mechanical properties of the weld seam.At the beginning of the 21st century,a laser-arc hybrid welding process was applied to car structure manu

关 键 词：激光技术 激光-电弧复合焊接 铝合金 软化 气孔 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG47[金属学及工艺—焊接]