激光增材制造铜铬锆合金研究进展:成形行为、微观组织和综合性能(特邀)  

Recent Progress in Laser Additive Manufacturing Using Copper⁃Chromium⁃Zirconium Alloys:Formation,Microstructure,and Comprehensive Properties(Invited)

作　　者：陈兴宇 李昊 陈乔雨 徐海升 谢凡轩 李正 黄田野 关凯 尹作为[1,2] 郝亮 殷杰[1,2] Chen Xingyu;Li Hao;Chen Qiaoyu;Xu Haisheng;Xie Fanxuan;Li Zheng;Huang Tianye;Guan Kai;Yin Zuowei;Hao Liang;Yin Jie(Gemological Institute,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jiangbei Machinery Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xiaogan 432000,Hubei,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;TSC Laser Technology Development(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)珠宝学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)先进制造研究所,湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司,湖北孝感432000 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)机械与电子信息学院,湖北武汉430074 [5]鑫精合激光科技有限公司,北京102200

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第4期141-159,共19页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61805095);装备预研教育部联合基金创新团队项目(8091B042207);湖北省揭榜制科技项目(2021BEC010);湖北省珠宝工程技术研究中心基金(CIGTXM-03-202307);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2021239)。

摘　　要：铜铬锆(CuCrZr)作为沉淀硬化合金,以其良好的耐热性、耐腐蚀性以及优异的力学、电学和热学性能而被广泛应用于航空航天、核能化工等领域。然而,CuCrZr是当前激光增材制造(LAM)难成形材料之一,相关研究报道还很有限。本文综述了近年来激光粉末床熔融(L-PBF)制备CuCrZr合金的研究进展,重点探究了绿激光与近红外激光对成形质量的影响规律,分析了热处理及构建方向与微观组织、力学性能的内在联系,并研究了热处理对于电学、热学性能的强化机制。近红外激光制备样品的致密度波动范围大(95.5%~99.9%),绿激光制备样品的整体致密度较低但波动范围较小(96.5%~98.5%),工艺参数仍有优化空间。合金的微观组织和综合性能都存在各向异性,即沿水平方向的晶粒细小,沿垂直方向的晶粒为柱状晶粒。固溶处理会使合金的熔池边界消失并改变晶粒形态,时效处理导致合金产生沉淀并改变晶粒取向。500℃左右处理1~2 h的直接时效处理对力学性能的提升最大,时效处理通过降低位错密度、减少热残余应力和促进沉淀物的形成,显著增强了合金的力学性能。对电学、热学性能提升最大的热处理条件为950~1000℃的固溶退火处理1 h+500℃左右的时效硬化处理1~3 h,这是因为固溶退火+时效硬化处理降低了位错密度和残余应力,并产生了有益的沉淀物。本文总结了L-PBF制备CuCrZr合金的成形行为、微观组织和综合性能的研究进展,并对其研究前景和发展方向进行了展望。Significance Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)is renowned for its exceptional accuracy and the ability to produce complex components with intricate geometries,making it widely used across various industries.The LAM technology primarily encompasses two techniques:laser-directed energy deposition(LP-DED)and laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF).Among these,L-PBF is witnessing rapid advancements and gaining popularity in both scientific research and industrial applications.Copper and its alloys are pivotal functional materials.They act as crucial strategic reserves for the country,with a significant position within the national economy.Nevertheless,the exceptional thermal conductivity and high NIR reflectivity exhibited by copper and its alloys present notable challenges for LAM in relation to their effective processing and shaping.However,copper and its alloys have excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,along with exceptional mechanical properties.Because of the growing call for intricate functional copper and copper alloy components,the LAM of copper and copper alloy parts has become a research hotspot in recent years.CuCrZr is a copper-based precipitation hardening alloy.The addition of chromium significantly enhances its mechanical properties when compared to pure copper.Meanwhile,the presence of zirconium effectively hinders the growth of chromium precipitate phases,ensuring a more uniform distribution of precipitates and further strengthening the alloy.Notably,zirconium has minimal impact on the alloy’s electrical conductivity.Firstly,CuCrZr’s remarkable heat resistance and superior strength enable it to maintain its integrity and stability in high-temperature environments,making it an ideal material for manufacturing components exposed to extreme temperatures,such as aerospace engine nozzles and components for ITER.Secondly,this alloy demonstrates excellent resistance to oxidation,corrosion,and erosion caused by high-temperature gases.This exceptional property has facilitated its widespread application

关 键 词：激光增材制造 铜铬锆合金 成形行为 微观组织 综合性能 

分 类 号：TG146.11[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG665[金属学及工艺—金属材料]