热塑性聚酯弹性体复合材料的制备与阻燃性能  

Preparation and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyester elastomer composites

作　　者：刘天明 赵东 沈育才 江国栋[1] 王庭慰[1,2] LIU Tianming;ZHAO Dong;SHEN Yucai;JIANG Guodong;WANG Tingwei(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 211816,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京211816 [2]江苏先进无机功能复合材料协同创新中心,南京211816

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2024年第3期1249-1258,共10页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上项目(22KJB430028);国家自然科学基金面上项目(22175088);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_0442)。

摘　　要：由于热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)极易燃烧,严重阻碍了其在电子电气、电线护套、充电桩等领域的应用,为解决此问题,以二乙基次磷酸铝(AlPi)和三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)为阻燃剂,添加到TPEE中,采用密炼和热压成型方法制备出高阻燃性TPEE复合材料。采用极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧(UL-94)测试、锥形量热(CONE)测试等对TPEE复合材料的阻燃性能进行了测试。结果表明:AlPi和MPP复配可以实现TPEE的高效阻燃,添加22wt%复配阻燃剂的TPEE材料的LOI由19.3%提升至31.5%,UL-94达到V-0级,总热释放和峰值热释放速率下降27.6%和64.8%。采用热失重分析仪(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试仪及电绝缘性能测试仪等对TPEE材料的热稳定性、力学性能、电性能及其烧蚀前后的微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明:复配阻燃剂的阻燃机制为膨胀炭层凝聚相阻隔型阻燃,且促进了TPEE分解成炭;力学性能、电绝缘性能和微观形貌测试表明复配的AlPi和MPP能够提升TPEE材料的电绝缘性,但其与TPEE相容性较差,导致TPEE材料的力学性能下降。Thermoplastic polyester elastomer(TPEE)is extremely flammable,which seriously hinders its application in the fields of electronics and electrical,wire sheath,charging station,etc.TPEE composites with high flame retardancy were prepared by adding aluminum diethylphosphinate(AlPi)and melamine polyphosphate(MPP)flame retardant into TPEE matrix through internal mixing and hot pressing process.The flame retardancy of the TPEE composites was studied by limiting oxygen index(LOI),vertical burning(UL-94)and cone calorimeter(CONE)tests.The results show that AlPi combined with MPP can achieve high-efficiency flame retardancy of TPEE composites.In addition,the TPEE composite with 22wt%AlPi and MPP passed the UL-94 V-0 rating and its LOI value increase from 19.3%to 31.5%,accompanied with 27.6%reduction in the total heat release and 64.8%reduction of the peak heat release rate compared to pure TPEE.The thermal stabilities,mechanical properties,and electrical properties of the TPEE composites,as well as the microscopic morphology of the composites before and after ablation were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA),SEM,universal testing machine and electrical insulation test.The results indicate that the flame retardant mechanism of the composite flame retardant system is the barrier action of intumescent char layer in the condense phase.The composite flame retardant system can promote the decomposition of TPEE into carbon.The mechanical properties,electrical insulation properties and microtopography tests show that the combination of AlPi and MPP can improve the electrical insulation performance,but reduce the mechanical properties of TPEE composites due to their poor compatibility with TPEE matrix.

关 键 词：热塑性聚酯弹性体 二乙基次磷酸铝 三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐 阻燃性能 电绝缘性能 

分 类 号：TQ333.93[化学工程—橡胶工业] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]