陕西紫阳某废弃石煤矿酸性废水的产生机理探讨  

Study on generation mechanism of acid drainage from a waste stone coal mine in Ziyang,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：张明祖[1] 黎卫亮[1] 王鹏[1] 魏小燕[1] 朱津蕊 刘三[1] Zhang Mingzu;Li Weiliang;Wang Peng;Wei Xiaoyan;Zhu Jinrui;Liu San(Xi′an Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《能源与环保》2024年第3期245-250,共6页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：陕西省重点研发项目(2023-ZDLSF-63);中国地质调查局地质矿产资源及环境调查专项(二级项目)(DD20221774)。

摘　　要：在自然环境中,黄铁矿容易发生氧化反应导致酸性矿山废水(AMD)污染,进而威胁人类的健康安全。石煤及矸石中伴生的黄铁矿及重金属(镉、镍、钒、锰、锌等)成分复杂,经大气降雨、地表水以及基岩裂隙水的长期浸泡淋溶,产生酸性水,加剧有毒有害重金属元素浸出。AMD因产量大、形成时间跨度长、产源地分散等问题,成为矿山环境修复者们的最棘手问题之一。对陕西紫阳废弃石煤矿进行采样分析,掌握废渣的化学成分及矿物组成,为酸性水的产生查找根源。依据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ 557—2010),将样品破碎后分别采用蒸馏水浸泡、曝气浸泡及密封浸泡方法,来模拟自然环境下酸性水产生过程,并在模拟过程中定期采集水样进行分析测定,为后续的矿上修复治理提供依据。In the natural environment,pyrite is prone to be oxidized,and results in AMD(acid mine drainage)pollution,which threatens human health and safety.The associated pyrite and heavy metals(cadmium,nickel,vanadium,manganese,zinc,etc.)in stone coal and gangue are complex.Through long-term soaking and leaching of atmospheric rainfall,surface water,and bedrock fissure water,acid water is produced,which aggravates the dissolution of toxic and harmful heavy metal elements.AMD has become one of the most difficult problems for mine environmental restorers because of its large output,long formation time span and scattered production sources.This paper analyzed the samples of waste stone coal mine in Ziyang,Shaanxi Province,grasped the chemical composition and mineral composition of the waste residue,and found out the root cause for the generation of acid water.This paper was based on the national standard Solid waste-Extraction procedure for leaching toxicity-Horizontal vabration method(HJ 557-2010),After crushing the samples,soaking them in distilled water,aeration,and sealing were used to simulate the process of acidic water production in natural environments.During the process,water samples were collected regularly for analysis and determination,providing a basis for subsequent remediation and management in mines.In the process,water samples were collected regularly for analysis and determination,so as to provide a basis for subsequent restoration and treatment of the mine.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 石煤 黄铁矿 浸泡 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]