微纳核壳结构DAP-4@TATB的制备及安全性能研究  

Preparation and safety performance study of DAP-4@TATB micro-nano core-shell structures

作　　者：胡立双 吕天成 刘洋 陈建勋 邱玉 何丹 胡双启 HU Lishuang;L Tiancheng;LIU Yang;CHEN Jianxun;QIU Yu;HE Dan;HU Shuangqi(School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;Hubei Hangpeng Chemical Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xiangyang 441003,Hubei,China;Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Baiyin 730900,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,太原030051 [2]湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司,湖北襄阳441003 [3]甘肃银光化学工业集团有限公司,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第4期1381-1387,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52276138);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123030,202203021212160)。

摘　　要：为了改善三元晶体钙钛矿结构DAP-4{(H_(2) dabco)[NH 4(ClO_(4))_(3)],dabco=三乙烯二胺,triethylenediamine}的机械刺激安全,利用溶剂蒸发法,研究了修饰剂氟橡胶F2602质量分数对DAP-4表面包覆影响规律;在此基础上,通过包覆不同质量分数的纳米1,3,5三氨基2,4,6三硝基苯(1,3,5-triamine-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene,TATB),制备了微纳核壳结构DAP-4@TATB。利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、X射线衍射仪(X-Ray Diffraction,XRD)及差示扫描热分析(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)对制备的微纳核壳结构DAP-4@TATB的晶体形貌、结构及热性能进行了表征。此外,对微纳核壳结构DAP-4@TATB感度进行了测试分析,并进行了燃烧性能测试。结果表明,氟橡胶质量分数对DAP-4表面修饰效果影响较大,当选用质量分数为5%的F2602氟橡胶时,橡胶可完全、均匀地修饰在DAP-4表面,且DAP-4晶体结构不变。当纳米TATB质量分数为15%时,TATB颗粒可以将DAP-4/F2602复合物颗粒完全包覆且包覆均匀,相较于DAP-4原料,微纳核壳结构DAP-4@TATB热分解温度提高了5.3℃,撞击感度H 50从8.75 cm增至33.50 cm,摩擦感度百分数从100%下降到40%,静电火花感度最小点燃能量由260.19 mJ增至3262.61 mJ。此外,随着纳米TATB质量分数从5%增至20%,微纳核壳结构DAP-4@TATB热安全性提高,撞击感度、静电火花感度和摩擦感度均呈降低趋势。The fluororubber F2602 was selected as a binder to modify the surface of DAP-4.The DAP-4@TATB micro-nano core-shell structures were prepared by coating with different mass fractions of nano TATB according to the solvent evaporation method to improve the safety performance of the molecular perovskite energetic material DAP-4.The morphologies of the DAP-4@TATB micro-nano core-shell structures were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).The structures of the DAP-4@TATB were examined through X-Ray Diffraction(XRD),and the thermal properties were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC).The sensitivities were tested and analyzed.The combustion performance was also tested.The results show that the modification on DAP-4 was affected by the mass fractions of fluororubber.The surface of DAP-4 can be completely and uniformly modified using F2602 with a 5%mass fraction and the crystal structure of DAP-4 remains unchanged.When the mass fraction of F2602 is 1%,there is only a small amount of F2602 on the surface of DAP-4,which is not enough to cover the DAP-4 particles.When the mass fraction of F2602 reaches 10%,excessive F2602 causes DAP-4 particles to aggregate together,which is not conducive to the preparation of DAP-4@TATB micro-nano core-shell structures.The DAP-4/F2602 composite particles are completely and uniformly coated by nano TATB particles with a 15%mass fraction.The thermal decomposition temperature of the DAP-4@TATB micro-nano core-shell structures increases by 5.3℃compared to DAP-4.The characteristic height of impact sensitivity increases from 8.75 cm to 33.50 cm,the friction sensitivity decreases from 100%to 40%,and the minimum ignition energy of electrostatic spark sensitivity increases from 260.19 mJ to 3262.61 mJ.As the mass fraction of nano TATB increases from 5%to 20%,the thermal safety of DAP-4@TATB micro-nano core-shell structures is improved.The impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity,and electrostatic spark sensitivity all show a decreasing trend.When the mass fraction of TAT

关 键 词：安全工程 爆炸安全 火炸药 1 3 5三氨基2 4 6三硝基苯 氟橡胶 感度 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]