呼吸道病毒流行特点及影响因素  

Human respiratory viruses:prevalence characteristics and influencing factors

作　　者：祁贤[1] QI Xian(Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing Jiangsu 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《江苏预防医学》2024年第1期1-6,20,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江苏省重大科技示范项目(BE2017749);江苏省医学重点学科(ZDXKA2016008)。

摘　　要：呼吸道病毒常引起疾病流行或大流行,严重威胁人类健康、公共卫生和社会发展。呼吸道病毒由于变异较快,缺少有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物,防控难度大。在药物和疫苗研发滞后的情况下,非药物干预措施是预防病毒感染和传播的重要方式。深入了解呼吸道病毒传播和流行特点及其影响因素,是合理制定有效防控措施的前提和基础。本文对呼吸道病毒流行的3个显著特点,即空气气溶胶传播、季节性和病毒干扰现象的最新进展进行综述,对未来研究和合理防控措施的制定做了展望。Respiratory viruses often cause epidemics or pandemics of human respiratory infections,which pose a serious threat to human health,public health,and social development.Respiratory virus infections generally have a short incubation period,acute onset,fast transmission,and a wide range of people affected.Due to the rapid mutation of the virus and the lack of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs,prevention and control are difficult.In the context of lagging drug and vaccine development,non pharmacological interventions are an important way to prevent respiratory virus infection and transmission.A deep understanding of the characteristics and influencing factors of respiratory virus transmission and prevalence is the prerequisite and foundation for formulating reasonable and effective prevention and control measures.The prevalence of respiratory viruses has three significant characteristics,including aerosol air transmission,seasonality,and virus interference phenomena.This article reviews the latest progress in the epidemic characteristics of respiratory viruses and provides prospects for future research and the development of prevention and control measures.

关 键 词：呼吸道病毒 气溶胶 传播 季节性 病毒干扰 非药物干预 预防控制 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]