国外体育世界冠军成长环境研究综述  

A Review of Research on Growth Environment of Sports World Champions Abroad

作　　者：辜德宏[1] 王世龙 扈春荣 GU Dehong*;WANG Shilong;HU Chunrong(Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Hengshui University,Hengshui 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081 [2]衡水学院,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第1期25-32,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般资助课题(XSP21YBZ166)

摘　　要：为更好地助力我国体育世界冠军培养,采用文献资料调研法,对国外体育世界冠军的成长环境特征进行梳理。国外学者们主要从家庭环境、训练环境、社会环境、自然环境4个方面进行研究:1)家庭环境方面,亲属有良好运动背景为孩子运动兴趣的形成奠定了良好基础;家庭经济支持使运动员从事体育运动成为可能,而情感和行为支持则从思想上进一步强化了运动员们的参训动机和责任。2)训练环境方面,团结和谐的团队氛围有利于队员的成长,运动员内在竞争动机的作用具有两面性,设置科学的实战竞争场域、敢于全方位对外交流具有积极意义。3)社会环境方面,主要有国家经济水平、政府财政支持、政策制度支持、组织机构支持、国人体育价值观念、出生地人口规模和密度因素。其中,出生地人口规模和密度与运动员成才率不是简单的线性关系,其他因素表现为正相关关系。4)自然环境方面,气候条件创造了便利的参与条件,改造了当地居民的身体条件;地理位置影响不同项目的开展条件,并对运动员的竞技能力产生相应影响。本研究建议,努力改造训练环境和社会环境,为体育世界冠军的培养营造更好的成长环境,积极利用家庭环境和自然环境为选材和育才提供帮助。To better contribute to the cultivation of sports world champions in China,the litera‐ture review method was used to sort out the growth environment characteristics of sports world champions abroad.Foreign scholars mainly studied from four aspects:family environment,training environment,social environment,and natural environment.1)In terms of family envi‐ronment,a good sports background in the family lays a good foundation for the formation of a child's interest in sports;family’s financial support makes it possible for the athlete to engage in sports,while emotional and behavioral support further strengthens the athlete’s motivation and responsibility to participate in training.2)In terms of training environment,a united and harmo‐nious team atmosphere is conducive to the growth of athletes,their internal competitive motiva‐tion is a double-edged sword,so setting up a scientific practical competition field and communi‐cating in all aspects have positive significance.3)Social environment,mainly factors involves the country’s economic level,government financial support,policy and institutional support,or‐ganizational support,national sports values,and the size and density of the population in the birthplace.Among them,the size and density of the population in the birthplace are not simply linearly related to the success rate of athletes,while the other factors showed positive correla‐tion in the research.4)In terms of natural environment,good climate conditions create condi‐tions that facilitate participation and improve physical conditions of local residents;geographi‐cal location affects the development conditions of different events and has a corresponding im‐pact on athletes’competitiveness.This study suggests that efforts be made to transform the training and social environment to create a better growth environment for the cultivation of sports world champions,and that family and natural environments be actively utilized to pro‐vide assistance in talent selection and cultivation.

关 键 词：体育世界冠军 成长环境 竞技人才培养 

分 类 号：G811[文化科学—体育学]