《民法典》自甘风险规则在学校文体活动中的适用困境及其纾解——基于司法裁判文书的实证分析  

The Dilemma and Solution of the Application of the Assumption of Risk Rule of the Civil Code in School Recreational or Sports Activities——A Positive Analysis Based on the Judicial Judgment Documents

作　　者：池骋[1] 罗建 CHI Cheng;LUO Jian(Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;The Primary People’s Court of Qianwei County of Sichuan Province,Qianwei 614400,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学,福建厦门361005 [2]四川省犍为县人民法院,四川犍为614400

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第1期90-96,F0003,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目(22JD710001)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)首次明确了自甘风险规则的适用,在促进社会文明、鼓励文体产业发展并合理分配由此产生的责任方面实现了中国式科学立法。但在学校开展的文体活动可能产生的伤害事故中,自甘风险规则的4个适用要件(主体要件、主观要件、客观要件、消极要件)都存在一定的适用困境与问题。因此,需要对发生在学校视域内的自甘风险相关司法实践进行类型化讨论,并从解释论层面给出尽可能符合立法原意和各方利益需求的纾解答案。此外,学校履行安全保障义务应符合《民法典》的要求,做好证据固定工作,并完善以保险为核心的多元化损害赔偿分担机制。The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code)stipulated the assumption of risk rule for the first time,and realized Chinese-style scien‐tific legislation in promoting social civilization,encouraging the development of the cultural and sports industry,and reasonably distributing the resulting responsibilities.However,there are some dilemmas and problems in the application of four applicable elements(subject element,subjective element,objective element,and negative element)of the assumption of rule in the case of injury accidents caused by recreational or sport activities carried out in schools.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a type discussion on the judicial practice related to the assumption of risk rule which takes place in the school,and using the theory of interpretation to figure out the reasonable answers which are in line with the original legislative intention and the interests of all parties as reasonable as possible.In addition,school should fulfill the security obliga‐tions in line with the Civil Code,do a good job of evidence gathering and saving,and the multiple damage allocation mechanism with insurance as the core should be improved.

关 键 词：自甘风险 民法典 组织者责任 安全保障义务 犯规 犯规动作意图 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]