最好自我训练对集训期新兵心理健康影响的干预研究  

Intervention of best possible self for mental health in new recruits during intensive training

作　　者：靳子豪 赖寒 陈功金 郝文 赵爱军 闫炫匀 刘博 彭李[1] 李敏[1] JIN Zihao;LAI Han;CHEN Gongjin;HAO Wen;ZHAO Aijun;YAN Xuanyun;LIU Bo;PENG Li;LI Min(Department of Military Psychology,Faculty of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,400038;Troop 75733,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,510000;Troop 95275,Liuzhou,Guangxi Province,545000,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系军事心理学教研室,重庆400038 [2]中国人民解放军75733部队,广州510000 [3]中国人民解放军95275部队,广西柳州545000

出　　处：《陆军军医大学学报》2024年第8期912-918,F0003,共8页Journal of Army Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32300909)。

摘　　要：目的探究最好自我(best possible self,BPS)训练对集训期新兵心理健康状况(乐观与悲观情绪、知觉压力和主观幸福感)的干预效果。方法采用非随机对照试验设计方案,以整群抽样法于2023年9月在某新兵训练基地抽取212名新兵,根据建制分为研究组(100人,行BPS训练15 min/d)和对照组[112人,行日常生活(typical day,TD)表象训练,15 min/d],连续干预2周。于干预当天(T0),干预实施1周(T1)、2周(T2),干预结束后1周(T3)采用未来预期量表(Future Expectation Scale,FEX)、知觉压力量表(Chinese Perceived Stress Scale,CPSS)、正负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)和生活满意度量表(Satisfaction with Life Scale,SWLS)对2组被试进行测量,评估BPS训练对上述心理健康指标的训练效果。结果2组被试的人口统计学信息及各心理学基线指标均衡。随着训练的进行,2组在悲观情绪、知觉压力和主观幸福感(包含情感和认知幸福感)上的训练效果表现出明显的差异(P<0.05)。研究组T1~T3的悲观情绪相比基线(T0)明显降低(P<0.01),情感幸福感(P<0.01)和认知幸福感(P<0.01)明显升高,其知觉压力在T1(P<0.05)和T3(P<0.01)也明显降低;而对照组在训练前后却无上述明显变化。结论2周BPS训练可有效降低集训期新兵悲观情绪和知觉压力水平,提升其主观幸福感,促进新兵心理健康。Objective To investigate the intervention efficacy of best possible self(BPS)on the mental health of new recruits(including state optimism and pessimism,perceived stress and subjective well-being).Methods A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted on 212 new recruits subjected with cluster sampling from an army unit in a training base for new recruits in September 2023.Based on their organizational structure,they were divided into a study group(n=100,receiving BPS intervention 15 min/d,for 2 consecutive weeks)and a control group[n=112,typical day(TD)intervention,15 min/d,same period].Future Expectancy Scale(FEX),Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS)and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS)were used to measure the 2 groups of participants at T0(baseline),T1(end of the first week of intervention),T2(end of the second week of intervention)and T3(1 week after the end of intervention)in order to evaluate the intervention efficacy on above mentioned mental health indicators.Results There were no significant differences in demographic and baseline psychological variables listed above between the 2 groups.However,as the training progressed,obvious differences were observed in the training effects on state pessimism,perceived stress and subjective well-being(including affective and cognitive well-being)between them.When compared with the baseline data(T0),the study group had notably reduced state pessimism(P<0.01)and elevated affective(P<0.001)and cognitive well-being(P<0.001)during T1 and T3,and decreased perceived stress at T1(P<0.05)and T3(P<0.001).However,no such changes of above indicators were observed in the control group before and after training.Conclusion A 2-week BPS intervention can effectively reduce state pessimism and perceived stress,promote subjective well-being,and improve mental health in new recruits during new recruit training.

关 键 词：最好自我训练 乐观情绪 悲观情绪 知觉压力 主观幸福感 新兵 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学] R395.6[医药卫生—医学心理学] R821.21[医药卫生—基础医学]