收费及奖励策略对通勤出行方式选择的影响分析  

Impact of Charging and Incentive Strategies on Commuting Mode Choice

作　　者：王殿海 李逸文 蔡正义 WANG Dianhai;LI Yiwen;CAI Zhengyi(College of Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,工程师学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2024年第2期1-12,共12页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52131202,52072340)。

摘　　要：为研究收费及奖励两种交通需求管理策略对居民通勤出行方式选择的调控作用,以杭州市主城区为例,通过SP(Stated Preference)和RP(Revealed Preference)调查私家车通勤出行者在停车收费及非小汽车出行奖励情景下的方式选择意向,利用非集计理论分别建立停车收费和出行奖励单独实施和共同实施下通勤出行方式选择的巢式Logit(NL)模型,研究停车收费及出行奖励对私家车通勤出行者出行方式选择的单独影响及共同影响效果,并分析两类策略的弹性。研究结果表明:停车收费和非小汽车出行奖励均能减少私家车出行比例,增加公交和地铁等公共交通出行比例;当停车收费达到一定费率时,才能有效减少私家车出行,适当的奖励能有效激励出行者转向其他出行方式,若同时实施收费和奖励策略,将表现为收费为主和奖励为辅的联合作用;在3类场景中,收入均是影响出行方式选择的重要因素,收入越高,继续选择私家车出行的可能性越大;单独收费场景下,停车收费弹性随费率增加而增大,且费率较低时缺乏弹性,出行奖励弹性随奖励金额增加而先增大后减小,小额奖励即有弹性。This paper investigates the regulatory impact of two traffic demand management strategies,tolls and rewards,on travel mode choices,using the main urban area of Hangzhou as a case study.The stated preference(SP)and revealed preference(RP)surveys were performed to understand the intention of private car commuters'mode choice under parking charge and travel reward scenarios.The disaggregate theory was used to establish Nested Logit(NL)models for commuting mode selection under separate and joint implementation of parking fees and travel rewards.The results indicate that both parking fees and travel incentives can reduce private car travel demand and promote public transportation.Only when the parking price reaches a certain level can private car trips be effectively reduced,and appropriate incentives can actively encourage travelers to switch to other modes of travel.If charging and incentive strategies are implemented simultaneously,it will manifest a joint effect of charging as the main approach and incentive as a supplement.In all three scenarios,income is a significant factor influencing travel mode choices.The higher the income,the more likely the continuation of private car usage.In the scenario with only a parking fee,the elasticity of parking fees increases with the rate;there are limited elasticity when the rate is low.The elasticity of travel rewards initially raises and then drops with the increase in the reward amount;Small rewards also show elasticity.

关 键 词：城市交通 出行方式选择 巢式Logit 停车收费 出行奖励 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]