典型事故形态下驾驶人工作记忆与应激反应研究  

Driver's Working Memory and Stress Response Analysis Under Typical Accident Types

作　　者：穆雨薇 袁伟[1] 张会明 郝帅洁 MU Yuwei;YUAN Wei;ZHANG Huiming;HAO Shuaijie(School of Automobile,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学,汽车学院,西安710064

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2024年第2期179-187,共9页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072046)。

摘　　要：为探究事故发生时的不同形态和工作记忆与驾驶人应激反应能力及视觉行为的关系,本文对31名驾驶人分别开展城市道路中侧面碰撞、追尾碰撞和刮撞行人这3种典型事故形态下的驾驶模拟器实验。根据摄像机和眼动仪的输出视频,采用动态聚类将驾驶人的注视区域划分成7类,同时,基于单因素方差分析,Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验,分析事故形态的类型、不同工作记忆容量的人群避险时的应激反应能力和视觉行为的影响。结果表明:事故形态和驾驶人的应激反应能力显著相关,在前车紧急制动事件中驾驶人的反应时间最短,较侧面碰撞减少了25.46%;在面对危险时的反应时间受到驾驶人工作记忆容量的影响,即相比于低工作记忆容量,高工作记忆容量的驾驶人反应时间短;此外,注视总持续时间、平均扫视时间和瞳孔直径均与工作记忆容量相关。研究结果可为车辆安全针对性预警提供理论支持。To examine the relationship between different working memory patterns in the accidents,drivers'stress response ability and visual behavior,this study carried out driving simulator experiments on 31 drivers under three typical accident types of side collision,rear-end collision and scraping pedestrians on urban roads.Based on the output video of the camera and eye tracker,dynamic clustering was used to divide the driver's gaze area into 7 categories.Meanwhile,the stress response ability and visual behavior of people with different accident types and different working memory capacities were analyzed based on one-way Analysis of variance(ANOVA),Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.The results show that there is a significant correlation between the accident type and the driver's stress response ability.The driver's reaction time in the emergency braking event of the front vehicle is the shortest,which is reduced by 25.46%compared with the side collision.Reaction time in the face of danger is affected by the driver's working memory capacity,that is,the driver with a high working memory capacity has a shorter reaction time than the driver with a low working memory capacity.In addition,the total duration of fixation,mean saccade time and pupil diameter were correlated with working memory capacity.The research results can provide theoretical support for targeted early warning of vehicle safety.

关 键 词：交通工程 应激反应能力 统计分析 驾驶行为 工作记忆容量 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]