“菌剂+分子膜”发酵工艺改善秸秆与畜粪共堆肥效率  

The“microbial inoculum+molecular membrane”fermentation process to improve the co-composting efficiency of straw and animal manure

作　　者：王涛[1] 常小箭[1] 李方向 李海杰 张传雨 武占省 陈妮 WANG Tao;CHANG Xiaojian;LI Fangxiang;LI Haijie;ZHANG Chuanyu;WU Zhansheng;CHEN Ni(Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xi’an 710061,China;School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Shaanxi Modern Agriculture Training Center,Xi’an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市农业技术推广中心,陕西西安710061 [2]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,陕西西安710048 [3]陕西省现代农业培训中心,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《西安工程大学学报》2024年第2期75-84,共10页Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(20JC014)。

摘　　要：为更好地对农业废弃物进行合理利用,提高堆肥产品营养效率,采用新型“菌剂+分子膜”发酵工艺对改善秸秆与畜粪共堆肥过程中的理化性质、腐熟度、腐殖化和磷组分动态进行研究。结果表明,土壤总有机碳(TOC)、含水率(MC)、C/N和黄腐酸(FA)均呈下降趋势,总氮(TN)、腐殖酸(HA)、总磷(TP)和有效磷(AP)含量明显增加(p<0.05),这说明共堆肥产品的腐熟度和营养水平都得到了改善。此外,腐殖化指数分析和液相磷31核磁共振波普(^(31)P-NMR)测定分别表明了共堆肥腐殖化程度的提高和磷组分的变化。根据NY/T 525—2021,除水分外,最终堆肥产品的性能符合法规要求。研究结果可为“菌剂+分子膜”发酵工艺在提高堆肥效率方面提供全面的认识,为实现农业废弃物资源化提供科学可行的策略。To make better use of agricultural waste and improve the nutritional efficiency of compost products,a novel“microbial inoculum+molecular membrane”fermentation process was used to investigate the physicochemical properties,maturity,humification,and dynamics of phosphorus components in the co-composting process of straw and animal manure.The results demonstrated that the variations in total organic carbon(TOC),moisture content(MC),C/N ratio,and fulvic acid(FA)decreased significantly while the contents of total nitrogen(TN),humic acid(HA),total phosphorus(TP),and available phosphorus(AP)increased significantly(p<0.05),which indicated that the maturity and nutritional level of co-composted products had been improved.In addition,the humification index and^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(^(31)P-NMR)spectrum analysis revealed an increase in the degree of humification and a change in phosphorus composition within the compost.In accordance with NY/T 525—2021 regulations,all aspects of the final compost product meet the required standards except for moisture content.The findings of this study can offer a comprehensive comprehension of the enhancement in composting efficiency through the“microbial inoculum+molecular membrane”fermentation process,and provide a scientific and practical approach for achieving agricultural waste recycling.

关 键 词：生物+分子膜 好氧堆肥 有机肥 腐殖化 磷组分 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]