一例整合了三联吡啶钌和卟啉锌的金属-有机框架材料用于光催化二氧化碳还原全反应  

Integration of Ru(Ⅱ)-Bipyridyl and Zinc(II)-Porphyrin Moieties in a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Overall CO_(2) Photoreduction

作　　者：陈慧滢 朱浩林 廖培钦 陈小明 Hui-Ying Chen;Hao-Lin Zhu;Pei-Qin Liao;Xiao-Ming Chen(School of Chemistry,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学化学学院,生物无机与合成化学教育部重点实验室,广州510275

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2024年第4期4-10,共7页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1500401);国家自然科学基金(21890380,21821003);广东省“珠江人才计划”本土创新科研团队项目(2017BT01C161);广东省科技创新战略专项市县科技创新支撑项目(STKJ2023078)资助。

摘　　要：利用源源不断的太阳能,将CO_(2)和水转化为增值化学品,是缓解温室效应与能源危机的一种有前途的方法。由于催化体系中的不同功能性部分难以实现氧化与还原反应的耦合,使用水作为还原剂实现光催化CO_(2)还原是一项具有挑战性的工作。金属有机框架(metal-organic framework,MOF)由于其较大的比表面积、多样化的活性位点和结构可调性,是CO_(2)光催化还原全反应的良好备选材料。本文中,我们首先整合了具有光活性的锌(Ⅱ)卟啉基元与联吡啶钌(Ⅱ)基元,构建了一种MOF光催化剂,记作PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru)。为了进行比较,还合成了两种仅具有锌(Ⅱ)卟啉或联吡啶钌(Ⅱ)基元的同构MOF,分别记作PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy和PCN-224-Bpy(Ru)。由测试结果可知,PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru)在乙腈和水混合溶液中表现出对CO_(2)还原可观的光催化活性(CO产率为7.6μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),无需额外添加助催化剂、光敏剂或牺牲剂。通过质谱仪观测到^(13)CO(m/z=29)、^(13)C^(18)O(m/z=31)、^(16)O^(18)O(m/z=34)和^(18)O_(2)(m/z=36)信号,表明CO_(2)和H_(2)O分别作为CO和O_(2)的碳源和氧源,这进一步证实了光催化CO_(2)还原与H_(2)O氧化的耦合。然而,在相同条件下对PCN-224-Bpy(Ru)与PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy的光催化性能进行测试,CO产率分别仅为1.5与0μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)。机理研究表明,PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru)的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)电位比CO_(2)/CO的氧化还原电位更负,而最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)电位比H_(2)O/O_(2)的氧化还原电位更正,在热力学上满足了光催化CO_(2)还原全反应的要求。相比之下,不含联吡啶钌(Ⅱ)基元的PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy的HOMO电位更负于H_(2)O/O_(2)的氧化还原电位,这表明联吡啶钌(Ⅱ)基元在热力学上是光催化CO_(2)还原全反应所必需的。此外,光致发光光谱中,荧光几乎被PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru)猝灭,且平均光致发光寿命比PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy和PCN-224-Bpy(Ru)更长,这表明PCN-224中光生载流子Efficiently converting CO_(2) and H_(2)O into value-added chemicals using solar energy is a viable approach to address global warming and the energy crisis.However,achieving artificial photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction using H_(2)O as the reductant poses challenges is due to the difficulty in efficient cooperation among multiple functional moieties.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are promising candidates for overall CO_(2) photoreduction due to their large surface area,diverse active sites,and excellent tailorability.In this study,we designed a metal-organic framework photocatalyst,named PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru),by integrating photoactive Zn(Ⅱ)-porphyrin and Ru(Ⅱ)-bipyridyl moieties.In comparison,two isostructural MOFs just with either Zn(Ⅱ)-porphyrin or Ru(Ⅱ)-bipyridyl moiety,namely PCN-224-Bpy(Ru)and PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy were also synthesized.As a result,PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru)exhibited the highest photocatalytic conversion rate of CO_(2) to CO,with a production rate of 7.6μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) in a mixed solvent of CH_(3)CN and H_(2)O,without the need for co-catalysts,photosensitizers,or sacrificial agents.Mass spectrometer analysis detected the signals of^(13)CO(m/z=29),^(13)C^(18)O(m/z=31),^(16)O^(18)O(m/z=34),and^(18)O_(2)(m/z=36),confirming that CO_(2) and H_(2)O acted as the carbon and oxygen sources for CO and O_(2),respectively,thereby confirming the coupling of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction with H_(2)O oxidation.In contrast,using PCN-224-Bpy(Ru)or PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy as catalysts under the same conditions resulted in significantly lower CO production rates of only 1.5 and 0μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),respectively.Mechanistic studies revealed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)potential of PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy(Ru)is more negative than the redox potentials of CO_(2)/CO,and the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)potential is more positive than that of H_(2)O/O_(2),satisfying the thermodynamic requirements for overall photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.In comparison,the HOMO potential of PCN-224(Zn)-Bpy without R

关 键 词：金属有机框架 锌(Ⅱ)卟啉衍生物 联吡啶(Ⅱ)钌配合物 光生电荷 光催化CO_(2)还原 

分 类 号：O643[理学—物理化学]