论非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪保护法益  

On protected legal interest of crime of illegal implantation of gene-editing or cloning embryos

作　　者：范淼[1] 高邦迅 FAN Miao;GAO Bangxun(Law School,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《沈阳工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期216-224,共9页Journal of Shenyang University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19CFX030)。

摘　　要：随着世界范围内基因编辑技术的发展,人类有了攻克遗传疾病的希望。但是“基因编辑婴儿”案的出现,使我们必须思考如何通过法律来防范基因编辑技术对人类生活的冲击。在刑法规制层面,准确把握非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪的保护法益是进一步思考的前提。既往的研究将该罪法益限定为人性尊严、医疗秩序或人类遗传安全,但这并非真正的适格法益,无助于法益机能的发挥。合理界定该罪法益的方向应当是综合分析规范目的、法益性质、价值判断以及行为对象。基于以上方法,将非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪的保护法益确定为人类遗传基因具有合理性。该法益界定一方面明确了“情节严重”的类型,另一方面可以作为出罪事由的判定标准,划定了犯罪行为与科研行为的界限。With the worldwide advancement of gene-editing technology,human beings have the possibility to overcome genetic diseases.However,the emergence of the“gene-editing baby”case makes us think about how to use the law to prevent the impact of gene-editing technology on human life.At the level of criminal law regulation,an accurate grasp of the legal benefits of crime of illegal implantation of gene-editing or cloning embryos is a prerequisite for further consideration.Previous studies have limited the legal interest of the crime to human dignity,medical order,or human genetic safety,but it is not a true qualified legal interest and does not contribute to the function of the legal interest.The direction to reasonably define the legal interest of such crime should be to analyze the normative purpose,the nature of legal interest,value judgment,and the object of the act.Based on the above approach,it is reasonable to define the legal interest of the crime of illegal implantation of gene-editing or cloning embryos as human genetic genes.On the one hand,this definition of legal interest clarifies the type of“aggravating circumstances”,and on the other hand,it can be used as a criterion for determining the cause of the crime and delineates the boundary between criminal acts and scientific research acts.

关 键 词：非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪 基因编辑 集体法益 人类遗传基因 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]