8份苹果种质资源的抗旱性评价  

Evaluation of drought resistance of eight apple germplasm resources

作　　者：魏江彤 马孝颖 李雪雯 张志军 李超 马锋旺[1] WEI Jiangtong;MAXiaoying;LI Xuewen;ZHANG Zhijun;LI Chao;MAFengwang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院·作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室·陕西省苹果重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第4期569-578,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究8份苹果种质资源的抗旱性,为苹果种质资源的利用及抗性育种提供参考。【方法】以1年生P5、L51、L37、LC36、L7、LC54、ZN18和C31为试验材料,选取富平楸子和新疆野苹果作为对照,进行自然干旱胁迫处理,通过测定净光合速率(P_n)、抗氧化酶系统和脯氨酸(PRO)含量等相关指标,利用隶属函数法分析各苹果种质资源的抗旱性。【结果】在自然干旱胁迫后,各苹果种质资源叶片出现不同程度萎蔫,LC54的叶片萎蔫最为严重,LC36的叶片萎蔫程度最小;在干旱胁迫第9天,各种质资源的P_n和叶绿素含量显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量、PRO含量、脱落酸(ABA)含量、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量和超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-))含量显著增高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性也显著增强。【结论】各苹果种质资源的抗旱性依次为:LC36>L7>富平楸子>新疆野苹果>L51>C31>P5>ZN18>L37>LC54。【Objective】Drought is one of the main factors restricting agricultural production,which would cause a large scale yield reduction.The Loess Plateau is the largest apple producing area in Chi-na.However,the Loess Plateau is faced with perennial drought and water shortage,and most of the ap-ple planting areas are located in mountainous areas short of irrigation conditions.Drought and water shortage are the main limiting factors for the development of apple industry in the Loess Plateau of Chi-na.Therefore,it is of great significance to breed rootstocks and varieties with strong drought resistance.In the previous study,8 apple germplasm resources with utilization value were found in our laboratory.This study evaluated their drought resistance in order to provide reference for the utilization and resis-tance breeding.【Methods】In this study,P5(Malus asiatica),L51(M.robusta),L37(M.hybrid‘Dwarf Tree’),LC36(M.hybrid‘Cranberry’),L7(M.soulardii),LC54(M.domestica‘Oekonomierat Echter-meyer’),ZN18(M.domestica,Sciros×Scifresh)and C31(M.domestica‘Trail’)were used as experi-mental materials,and M.prunifolia and M.sieversii were used as controls.In the spring of 2022,the bud grafting method was used to graft them on the M.hupehensis Rehd.When the height of all test ma-terials reached 70-80 cm,the plants with the same height were selected for experiment.The treatment group was watered thoroughly the day before the treatment and stopped watering until the 9th day of the treatment.The control group was watered normally every day,and the soil relative water content was maintained at 75%-85%.From the 0th day of treatment,the net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,relative water content and relative conductivity of leaves were measured every other day.Com-pletely mature leaves were collected from 7-15 leaves below the top of the stem,wrapped in the tin foil paper,immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen,and stored at-80℃for the determination of the malondi-aldehyde content,hydrogen peroxide content,superoxi

关 键 词：苹果 种质资源 抗旱评价 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]