柚和葡萄柚花粉直感对东试早柚果实生长及品质的影响  

Effects of grapefruit and pummelo pollens on fruit growth and quality of Dongshizao pummelo

作　　者：徐祥增 邓乐晔[1] 张小娇 王勇方 高世德[1] XU Xiangzeng;DENG Yueye;ZHANG Xiaojiao;WANG Yongfang;GAO Shide(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第4期665-678,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：云南省热带作物科学研究所青年人才培养基金(QNCZ2021-5);云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AE090048、202102AE090054、202102AE090020)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对东试早柚果实个体差异大、品质不稳定等问题,通过异花授粉探究花粉直感对东试早柚果实品质的影响,并对各项指标进行综合评价,旨在筛选出能够有效改善东试早柚果实品质的授粉品种,为生产上授粉品种配置和品质提升提供理论依据。【方法】以23年生东试早柚为母本,柚和葡萄柚不同品种为父本,进行人工授粉,比较不同授粉组合的坐果率、果实生长、果实品质差异,并采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。【结果】通过比较分析发现果实横径和纵径生长动态呈“S”形;异花授粉显著提高东试早柚坐果率,坐果率均高于60%。在果实外在品质方面,Flame授粉对果实单果质量提升效果不明显,但其他授粉组合果实单果质量比自然授粉显著提升27.77%~85.08%;在所有授粉组合中,自然授粉果实横径和纵径最小,Sarawak授粉果实横径和纵径显著高于自然授粉和其余品种授粉果实。异花授粉能够降低果实裂瓣数,增加种子数,且不同品种授粉种子直感存在差异。在果实内在品质方面,Oroblanco授粉能提高可溶性固形物含量,但Sarawak、Tahition、泰国红宝石柚、越南青柚授粉显著降低果实可溶性固形物含量,显著提高总酸含量;不同授粉组合间果实可溶性蛋白含量无显著差异,但可溶性糖、维生素C以及木质素、柚皮苷含量存在差异,表现出明显花粉直感效应。果实种子数与果实横径呈显著正相关,裂瓣数与果实横径和种子数呈显著负相关;外在品质与内在品质主要指标间呈显著负相关。通过主成分分析法和隶属函数法综合评价结果显示,Genetic Dwarf、Oroblanco授粉果实综合得分为0.68、0.67,高于自然授粉0.66。【结论】异花授粉能够提高坐果率,同时对果实生长发育和果实品质有显著影响。Genetic Dwarf和Oroblanco授粉在一定程度上能够改善东试早柚果实综合品质,可为生产上授粉品�【Objective】Cross-pollination was used to investigate and evaluate the xenia effect on the fruit growth and quality of Dongshizao pummelo in order to screen the optimum pollination parents for improving fruit quality of Dongshizao pummelo.【Methods】23-year-old Dongshizao pummelo trees were used as the female parents.Different cultivars of pummelo and grapefruit were used as pollen par-ents.The fruit setting rate was investigated at 40 d after flowering.The longitudinal and transverse di-ameters of the fruit were measured in field at regular intervals after full bloom.After fruit ripened,the hybrid fruits were harvested and taken back to the laboratory to measure their conventional fruit quality indexes.Correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation were then performed.【Results】During fruit development of Dongshizao pummel,the longitudinal and transverse diameters both showed a sin-gle S trend.The results showed that pollinizer varieties had some effects on the fruit setting rate,growth,development and quality of Dongshizao pummelo,and therefore phenomenon of xenia was ob-vious.The fruit setting rate after cross-pollination was above 60%,while that of natural pollination was only 10.19%.The average single fruit weight had not significant difference between pollination with Flame pollen and natural pollination,while the average single fruit weight of another pollination combi-nation was significantly higher than that of natural pollination.Cross pollination could increase fruit weight by 27.77%to 85.08%.The fruit diameter in natural pollination was the lowest.Among them,the fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters in pollination with Sarawak pollen were significantly higher than the other cross-pollination combinations and natural pollination.Cross-pollination had a marked in-fluence on the numbers of cracked segments and greatly increased the number of seeds,and thus had an obvious phenomenon of seed-xenia.The total soluble solid content in pollination with Oroblanco pollen was also higher than tha

关 键 词：东试早柚 花粉直感 异花授粉 果实品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]