晚熟槜李新品种醉贵妃的选育  

Breeding of late-ripening Zuili variety Zuiguifei(Japanese plum)

作　　者：谢小波[1] 李斌 江挺 李昊 朱晨辉 XIE Xiaobo;LI Bin;JIANG Ting;LI Hao;ZHU Chenhui(Horticulture Institute,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Fisheries Tech-nology Promotion Station of Jiaxing City,Jiaxing 314050,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture Management and Service Centre of Jiaxing Nan-hu District,Jiaxing 314001,Zhejiang,China;Forestry Technology Promotion Centre of Xinchang County,Xinchang 312500,Zhejiang,China;Fruit Trees and Silkworm Technology Promotion Station of Jiaxing Xiuzhou District,Jiaxing 314011,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所,杭州310021 [2]嘉兴市农渔技术推广站,浙江嘉兴314050 [3]嘉兴市南湖区农业管理服务中心,浙江嘉兴314001 [4]新昌县林业技术推广中心,浙江新昌312500 [5]嘉兴市秀洲区果树与蚕桑技术推广站,浙江嘉兴314011

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第4期786-790,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C12066-4);浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN21C150006)。

摘　　要：醉贵妃是从收集的槜李种质资源中选育出的晚熟槜李新品种。该品种在嘉兴地区一般7月上中旬成熟,有些年份在6月下旬成熟。醉贵妃结果性状好,产量稳定,成年树产量控制在9.0 t·hm^(-2)左右即可;成熟时口感极佳,汁水丰富,符合槜李易化浆、可吸食特征;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16.0%左右,高达20%;果形大,平均单果质量69.5 g,呈扁圆形、较对称;成熟果实外皮深紫红色并密布灰白色果点,果肉黄色,黏核;少有细菌性穿孔病和流胶病;自交结果性较好,可单一品种种植;树姿稍显直立,需要拉枝并结合其他修剪措施塑造开心树形;进入结果期后以有机肥为主,需严格控制氮肥使用。该品种经多地试种,适宜在浙、赣、黔、川、渝、沪、苏等长江以南区域多省份种植。Zuiguifei(Prunus salicina L.)was bred by systematic breeding method from Zuili germ-plasm collections.Zuili is one of Japanese plums,and has a high prestige in Chinese plum industry as one of the very delicious plums with the longest cultivation history of more than 2500 years at Jiaxing city,Zhejiang province,China.Zuiguifei was firstly found from a farmer yard in July,1997 at Nanhu District,Jiaxing City.When the fruit was ripening,Mr.Lu found it.And it was late-ripening and 20 years old,with a good fruiting trait and a nice quality,comparing with other Zuili cultivars.Its branches were collected and were grafted on rootstocks,coded as J-31 in the winter of 1997.J-31 has an elite taste for its rich juice,high soluble solids content and aromatic smell.Its pulp is easy melting and could be sucked for eating when it matures.This is coincident with one of the typical characteristics of Zuili after maturity.There is a deep purple red peel covering with dense grey-white dots when J-31 fruits rip-en with yellow flesh and clinging stone.Its fruit is oblate,more symmetrical and slightly big.J-31 was named as Guifei,which was borrowed from one title of ancient Chinese emperor wives,in 2018.We conducted the first-round variety test with Tongxiangzuili as the control from 2016 to 2018.Tongxiang-zuili is a more popular cultivar of Zuili and generally matures around mid-June.As Tongxiangzuili of-ten has a low yield with unstable fruit set,the new varieties are required to be bred.Experiments have showed Guifei fruits generally ripen in early July or mid-July at Jiaxing City,sometimes in late June al-so.Guifei has a higher yield than Tongxiangzuili.Guifei could be regarded as a late-ripening Zuili vari-ety.Guifei was approved for a five-year field releasing by the Zhejiang Provincial Forestry Variety Committee with license No.ZHE-R-SV-PS-006-2019,and formally named as Zuiguifei in 2019.For getting a permanently field releasing approval for Zuiguifei,we carried out a new round variety test from 2021 to 2022 with Tongxiangzuili

关 键 词：中国李 槜李 新品种 醉贵妃 晚熟 桐乡槜李 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]