蒙古族苏勒德崇拜与祭祀习俗分析  

Analysis of Sulde Worship and Sacrifice Custom of Mongolian Nationality

作　　者：樊永贞 FAN Yong-zhen(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chahar Right Back Banner,Baiyinchagan,Inner Mongolia,012400)

机构地区：[1]察哈尔右翼后旗疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古白音查干012400

出　　处：《集宁师范学院学报》2024年第1期23-27,共5页Journal of Jining Normal University

摘　　要：蒙古人自古有崇拜和祭祀苏勒德(sulde)的习俗。苏勒德因其呼虎勒(缨子)装饰所用公马鬃毛颜色的不同,分别称之为察罕(白)苏勒德、哈剌(黑)苏勒德、阿拉格(花)苏勒德。现供奉于乌审旗的察罕苏勒德,由察哈尔部的后裔守护和祭祀;供奉于伊金霍洛旗成吉思汗陵园内的哈剌苏勒德,由苏尼特王旗达尔扈特人的后裔守护和祭祀;供奉于鄂托克前旗的阿拉格苏勒德,由察哈尔部的后裔守护祭祀。苏勒德崇拜与祭祀的文化内涵,不但表现在祭祀的程式仪规上,表现在祭词的创作吟诵上,表现在守护者虔诚的心态上,还表现在参与者的理解和感悟上。三大苏勒德的祭祀目的,已由过去体现在战争和军事上,变为了今天人们祈求社会安定、国家兴旺、百姓富庶美好愿望的寄托上。Since ancient times,Mongolians have had the custom of worshipping and offering sacrifices to Sulde.Sulad is respectively called Chahan(white)Sulde,Hala(black)Sulde,and Alage(flower)Sulde,due to the different colors of the male horse's mane used in the decoration of Huhule(tassel).Chahan Sulde,which is now enshrined in Wushen Banner,is guarded and sacrificed by the descendants of the Chahar tribe.Hala Sulde,enshrined in Genghis Khan Mausoleum of Yijinhuoluo Banner,was guarded and sacrificed by the descendants of Darhute of Sunit King Banner.The Alage Sulde,enshrined in the Etuoke Front Banner,is guarded and worshipped by descendants of the Chahar tribe.The cultural connotation of Sulde worship and sacrifice is not only reflected in the program and rules of sacrifice,the creation and reciting of sacrifice words,but also in the pious state of mind of the guardians and the understanding and perception of the participants.The purpose of the three great Sulde sacrifices have changed from being mainly associated with war and military affairs in the past to being a manifestation of people's wishes for social stability,national prosperity,and people's prosperity at present time.

关 键 词：蒙古族 苏勒德 旄纛 崇拜 祭祀 

分 类 号：K892.3[历史地理—民俗学]