比较法视角下提单立法数字化变革与中国回应  

Digitalization of Bill of Lading Legislation and China's Response from the Perspective of Comparative Law

作　　者：刘国庆 Liu Guoqing

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院 [2]上海财经大学法学院国际法所

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2024年第1期49-65,共17页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：区块链及非同质通证技术使网络空间数据具有排他性及唯一性特征,实现了对纸质载体功能等同,为电子提单实现物权凭证功能提供信任基础,真正实现了提单电子化。当前我国提单立法仍基于物理空间思维,属于“技术特定”式立法,难以涵摄区块链电子提单。近期,比较法上英国、美国、新加坡等发达国家均实现了提单立法数字化变革,肯定了电子提单的法律地位,并对提单法律行为,如占有、转让规则以及提单形式要求,如书面、签名、背书等规则实现了数字化转型。当前正值我国《海商法》修改之际,本文在借鉴比较法经验及结合我国实际国情基础上,对未来应从电子提单技术标准严格化、占有解释扩大化以及形式要件表达数字化三个路径推动我国提单立法数字化变革提供建议。Blockchain and NFTs make cyberspace data exclusive and unique,achieve the same function as paper carriers,provide a trust basis for the electronic bill of lading to realize the property rights certificate function,and truly realize the electronic bill of lading.At present,China's bill of lading legislation is still based on physical space mind-set and is"technology-specific",which is difficult to accommodate the blockchain electronic bill of lading.Recently,in terms of comparative law,developed countries such as the United Kingdom,the United States,and Singapore have implemented digital reforms in bill of lading legislation,affirmed the legal status of electronic bills of lading,and reformed digitally rules about the legal behavior of bills of lading,such as possession and transfer,and requirements for the form of bills of lading,such as rules for writing,signature,endorsement,etc.At the current China's Maritime Law is being revised,and the article,drawing on comparative law experience and China's actual national conditions,provides suggestions for the digitalization of China's bill of lading legislation from three paths:electronic bill of lading technical standards,digital interpretation of possession,and digital standard of formal requirements.

关 键 词：区块链提单 非同质通证 提单立法数字化 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学] D922.294[政治法律—国际法学]