2015—2022年上海市金山区托幼机构和学校水痘疫情及健康人群水痘—带状疱疹病毒抗体水平分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemic situation at schoolsand kindergartens in JinShan District of Shanghai during 2015-2022and antibody level analysis of varicella zoster virus in healthy population

作　　者：王晶晶[1] 周杰[1] 汤喜红[1] WANG Jingjing;ZHOU Jie;TANG Xihong(Jinshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201599,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,上海201599

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第3期50-53,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：金山区第七周期医学重点专科“攀登计划”建设项目传染病流行病学(JSZK2023H06)。

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2022年上海市金山区托幼机构和学校水痘疫情流行病学特征,了解30岁以下健康人群水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体水平,为制定水痘防控措施提供参考依据。方法对上海市金山区2015—2022年托幼机构和学校水痘疫情及病例数据进行描述性分析;采集30岁以下健康人群血清检测水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgG抗体。结果2015—2022年上海市金山区共报告托幼和学校水痘疫情91起,涉及病例412例。发病高峰为10~12月,发病人群以托幼机构和小学为主。有水痘免疫史病例,发病时发热率(X^(2)=12.93,P<0.001)、中重度出疹率(X^(2)=28.79,P<0.001)均少于无水痘免疫史病例。采集30岁以下健康人群血清227人,抗体阳性率62.56%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)2.22±0.68(165.96mIU/mL)。不同年龄组抗体GMT(F=6.87,P<0.001)和阳性率(X^(2)=29.14,P<0.001)差异有统计学意义,阳性率在1~3岁年龄组最低,随着年龄的增长逐渐升高。结论秋冬季为水痘高发季节,接种2剂次水痘疫苗可以减轻临床症状,一定程度阻断水痘传播,建议学校和医疗机构做好监测工作,及时接种水痘疫苗。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemic in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2022,and to understand the varicella antibody level in students aged under 30 years old,to provide evidence for developing control and prevention strategies.Methods Data of varicella epidemic situation at schools and kindergartens and varicella cases were analyzed by descriptive methods.Collect serum from healthy individuals under 30 years old to detect IgG antibody levels of varicella zoster virus.Results From 2015 to 2022,a total of 91 cases of chickenpox were reported in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District,Shanghai,involving 412 cases.The peak incidence occurs from October to December,kindergarten childcare and primary school children were at high risk of varicella.The incidence of fever(X^(2)=12.93,P<0.001)and moderate to severe rash(X^(2)=28.79,P<0.001)in patients with varicella vaccination was lower than that in patients without varicella vaccination.A total of 227 people were surveyed,the positive rate of varicella antibody was 62.56%,the geometric mean titer(GMT)was 2.22±0.68(165.96mIU/mL).The difference of GMT(F=6.87,P<0.001)and positive rate(X^(2)=29.14,P<0.001)of antibody in different age groups was statistically significant,the positive rate was lowest in the age group of 1-3 years,and gradually increased with the increase of age.Conclusion Autumn and winter in Jinshan District are the seasons with high incidence of chickenpox in kindergartens and primary schools,two doses of chickenpox inoculation can not only reduce clinical symptoms,but also block the transmission of chickenpox epidemic,it is suggested schools and health facilities make chicken pox monitoring work,get the chickenpox vaccine on time.

关 键 词：水痘 托幼机构和学校 抗体水平 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]