建筑生活热水系统碳排放计算方法及环境经济适应性研究  

Research on the carbon emissions calculation method and environmental-economic adaptability of architectural domestic hot water systems

作　　者：梁岩 赵锂 李建业 尹文超 LIANG Yan;ZHAO Li;LI Jianye;YIN Wenchao(China Architecture Design&Research Group,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑设计研究院有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《给水排水》2024年第3期100-108,共9页Water & Wastewater Engineering

摘　　要：采用理论计算和TRNSYS软件模拟的方式,对燃油、天然气、电力、空气源热泵、太阳能等不同热源的热水碳排放和费用年值进行计算,分析各种热源的环境适应性和经济效益,旨在为我国不同地区以低碳为导向的热水系统的选择和碳排放的预测提供参考。结果表明:以6个典型城市为代表的气候区,空气源热泵与太阳能耦合系统的热水碳排放因子均为最低;以天然气、燃油、电能为热源的热水碳排放因子分别为14.23、19.36、36.20kgCO_(2)e/t;以空气源热泵为热源的热水碳排放因子受所在地区环境温度的影响,以广州为代表的夏热冬暖地区最低,为7.28kgCO_(2)e/t,以沈阳为代表的严寒地区最高,为11.26kgCO_(2)e/t;以电能辅助太阳能为热源的热水碳排放因子受所在地区太阳能富集程度的影响,拉萨最低,为17.49kgCO_(2)e/t,成都最高,为21.67kgCO_(2)e/t;对于以太阳能与空气源热泵耦合系统为热源的热水碳排放因子来说,广州最低,为5.46kgCO_(2)e/t,沈阳最高,为7.78kgCO_(2)e/t。太阳能系统的单位制热成本高于热泵和耦合系统;耦合系统除成都外,单位制热成本低于热泵系统,且在拉萨、沈阳、北京、昆明具有显著的经济效益和低碳收益,而广州地区二者经济效益相似但成本侧重不同,成都地区则空气源热泵系统经济效益显著高于耦合系统。This article employs theoretical calculations and TRNSYS software simulations to compute the annual carbon emissions and costs of different heat sources,including fuel,natural gas,electricity,air-source heat pumps,and solar energy.The aim is to analyze the environmental adaptability and economic benefits of various heat sources,in order to provide reference for the se-lection of low-carbon-oriented hot water systems and the prediction of carbon emissions in different regions of China.The results indicate that,in the six representative cities that span different climate zones,the air-source heat pump and solar energy coupled system have the lowest carbon emission factors for hot water.The carbon emission factors for hot water using natural gas,fuel,and electricity as heat sources are 14.23,19.36 and 36.20 kgCO_(2)e/t,respectively.The carbon emission factor for hot water using an air-source heat pump as a heat source is influenced by the environmental temperature of the location,with the lowest being in Guangzhou,representing a warm winter and hot summer region,at 7.28 kgCO_(2)e/t and the highest being in Shenyang,representing a severe cold region,at 1l.26 kgCO_(2)e/t.The carbon emission factor for hot water using electricity as an auxiliary heat source is influenced by the degree of solar energy accumulation in the location,with the lowest being in Lhasa,at 17.49 kgCO_(2)e/t and the highest being in Chengdu,at 21.67 kg-CO_(2)e/t.As for the carbon emission factor for hot water using solar energy and air-source heat pump coupled system as the heat source,the lowest is in Guangzhou,at 5.46 kgCO_(2)e/t,and the highest is in Shenyang,at 7.78 kgCO_(2)e/t.The unit heating cost of the solar energy system is higher than that of the heat pump and coupled system.Except for Chengdu,the unit heating cost of the coupled system is lower than that of the heat pump system,and it has significant economic benefits and low-carbon benefits in Lhasa,Shenyang,Beijing,and Kunming.In the Guangzhou area,the economic benefits of the two are

关 键 词：碳排放因子 空气源热泵 太阳能 费用年值 单位制热成本 气候区 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]