微山稀土精矿钙与稀土的浸出及动力学研究  

Leaching Kinetics of Calcium and Rare Earth from Weishan Rare Earth Concentrate

作　　者：郑万波 许延辉[1] 戈鑫鑫 关卫华 李裕 马升峰[1] Zheng Wanbo;Xu Yanhui;Ge Xinxin;Guan Weihua;Li Yu;Ma Shengfeng(State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization,Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths,Baotou 014030,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]包头稀土研究院白云鄂博稀土资源研究与综合利用国家重点实验室,内蒙古包头014030 [2]内蒙古大学化学化工学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2024年第2期284-293,I0004,共11页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51634005);内蒙古自然基金重大专项项目(2016ZD003);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2017MS0210,2021MS02027)资助。

摘　　要：微山稀土精矿主流冶炼工艺采用氧化焙烧-盐酸浸出-碱转优溶法提取矿物中的稀土,因"三废问题严重且生产成本较高,需加以改进以满足国家"双碳"战略的实施。本文以山东微山41.28%品位稀土精矿作为原料,提出使用盐酸优先浸出杂质钙,使稀土进一步富集的新工艺。通过不同条件对钙和稀土浸出影响的研究,得到较优的浸出条件:在浸出温度为90℃,起始酸度2mol·L^(-1),酸矿比为5mL·g^(-1)条件下,钙元素的浸出率可达到89.4%,稀土浸出率为12.13%。使用核收缩模型对酸浸过程中的钙与稀土的浸出动力学进行研究,结果表明:浸出过程中钙由化学反应和扩散混合控制,而稀土由内扩散控制。钙与稀土的浸出表观活化能分别为14.0628和6.1460kJ·mol^(-1)。At present,the mainstream process of Weishan rare earth concentrate smelting proposed uses oxidative roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching-alkali optimal solution method to extract rare earths from minerals.The"three wastes"smelting process of Weishan rare earth concentrate is serious and the production cost is high,which should be improved to meet the national"double carbon"strategy implementation.Using 41.28%rare earth concentrate from Shandong Weishan as raw material,the rare earth was further enriched after using hydrochloric acid to leach impurity element calcium.By discussing the effects of leaching temperature,initial acidity,acid-to-ore ratio and other conditions on the leaching of calcium and rare earth elements,the leaching conditions were optimized as follows:the concentration of HCI is 2 mol·L^(-1),leaching temperature is 90℃,acid-ore ratio is 5 mL·g^(-1).In the optimization of process conditions,the leaching rate of calcium is 89.4%,and the leaching rate of rare earth is 12.13%.The bastnaesite leaching kinetics of the process was studied.The results show that the concentration of the chemical reaction and diffusion control calcium leaching kinetics equation and the concentration of internal diffusion controlls rare earth leaching kinetics equation.The apparent activity energy of calcium and rare earth leaching was calculated to be 14.0628 and 6.146 kJ·mol^(-1).

关 键 词：微山稀土精矿 盐酸浸出 氟碳铈矿 钙 动力学 

分 类 号：O614.3[理学—无机化学]