2015—2022年黑龙江省大豆产区大豆胞囊线虫病调查  

Investigation of Soybean Cyst Nematode in Soybean Production Areas of Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2022

作　　者：尤佳 李进荣[2] 甄善继 董丽伟 王建丽[1] 胡岩峰[3] 申忠宝[1] 王家军[2] YOU Jia;LI Jinrong;ZHEN Shanji;DONG Liwei;WANG Jianli;HU Yanfeng;SHEN Zhongbao;WANG Jiajun(Institute of Pratacultural Science,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Soybean Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第2期176-184,共9页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程资助项目(CX23GG01);黑龙江省重点研发计划(2022ZX02B06);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2020236)。

摘　　要：大豆胞囊线虫病严重制约着黑龙江省大豆产量和品质的提升。为了解黑龙江省大豆胞囊线虫病的分布及发生情况,2015—2022年对黑龙江省大豆种植区进行大范围取样调查。结果显示,大豆胞囊线虫在全省普遍发生。2015—2018年,除2015年在大庆、安达、泰康县和林甸县采集的土样中未检测到胞囊外,其余样品均检出胞囊;每100 g干土中胞囊数随年份的增加而增多,胞囊平均数呈正增长,但孙吴县、依安县及大庆市采样点2017年样品中的胞囊数量和平均增长率相对于2016年略有下降;2015—2016年和2016—2017年胞囊检出率差值结果显示,10个市县的胞囊检出率差值减小,表明土壤中胞囊数量趋于饱和。2019—2022年所有取样地区均检测到SCN,12个市县连续4年的胞囊检出率达到100%;每100 g干土平均胞囊介于3.2~38.7个,相比于2015—2018年略低,富锦市、泰来县和绥滨县4年间测定的胞囊数均小于10个,哈尔滨市和双城市监测的4年中,各年样品平均胞囊数均超过20个。利用Riggs模式鉴定生理小种,结果显示,2015—2018年测定的18个市县优势生理小种以3号为主,此外,在依安县和大庆市同时检测出6号生理小种,在安达市检测出14号生理小种。本研究明确了黑龙江省大豆主产区大豆胞囊线虫病的发病现状,为大豆胞囊线虫病的综合防治和抗线大豆品种选育提供指导。Soybean cyst nematode severely restricts the improvement of soybean yield and quality in Heilongjiang Province.To determine the distribution and occurrence of soybean cyst nematode in Heilongjiang Province,a random sampling survey was conducted from 2015 to 2022 in the main production areas of soybean.The investigation found that cysts were detected in all regions from 2015 to 2018 except Daqing,Anda,Taikang,and Lindian in 2015.The number of cysts per 100 gram of dry soil increased with each year,showing a positive growth trend on the average.However,compared to 2016,there was a slight decrease in the number of cysts and the average growth rate in Sunwu,Yi′an,and Daqing during 2017.The results of the difference in cyst detection rates between 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 showed a decrease in 10 cities and counties,indicating that soybean cyst nematode is prevalent in soybean areas of Heilongjiang Province.Between 2019 and 2022,all samples tested positive for SCN.Detection rates of cysts in 12 areas remained consistent at 100%for four consecutive years.The average number of cysts per 100 grams of dry soil ranged from 3.2 to 38.7,which was slightly lower than the figures recorded from 2015 to 2018.Specifically,in Fujin,Tailai,and Suibin,the number of cysts detected over the four years was less than 10 per 100 grams of dry soil.In contrast,Harbin and Shuangcheng observed an average cyst count exceeding 20 per 100 grams of dry soil in the samples each year throughout 2019-2022.According to the identification of races,the dominant races are still race 3.In addition,race 6 was detected in Yi′an and Daqing,while race 14 was detected in Anda.This study has clarified the occurrence current situation of soybean cyst nematode in the main soybean-producing areas of Heilongjiang Province,providing guidance for the comprehensive control and breeding of resistant soybean varieties against soybean cyst nematode.

关 键 词：大豆胞囊线虫 黑龙江省 大豆胞囊线虫病分布 胞囊数 生理小种 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]