中空、实心电极电炉熔炼钛渣过程中电弧特性的对比研究  

Comparative study on arc characteristics of hollow and solid electrode electric furnace melting titanium slag

作　　者：李孟臻 李宝宽 于洋 肖军[2] Li Mengzhen;Li Baokuan;Yu Yang;Xiao Jun(School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China;State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Pangang Group Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Panzhihua 617000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]攀钢集团研究院有限公司,钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室,四川攀枝花617000

出　　处：《钢铁钒钛》2024年第1期19-27,共9页Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium

基　　金：钒钛资源综合利用产业技术创新战略联盟2019年协同研发项目(电炉钛渣冶炼过程数值模拟研究,编号:FTLM2019—2019021800093);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51934002)。

摘　　要：为了深入探究中空电极技术在钛渣电炉冶炼工艺中的优势所在,以25.5 MW钛渣电炉实际电极尺寸为基础,分别建立了中空和实心电极电弧的数学模型,模拟得到中空、实心电极电弧的电磁场、温度场和流场分布特性,研究了电流大小和电弧长度对熔池表面温度分布的影响规律。结果表明,电弧内电流密度、焦耳热值、速度和温度的较大值位于阴极斑点附近,中空电极是内外径中心线下方区域,实心电极是中心轴线附近区域。采用中空电极时,周围的电弧会向中轴线汇聚,该现象有利于提高电弧加热物料的效率。当电流值由34 kA增大到54 kA,两种情形下的熔池表面平均温度分别提升了708 K和109 K。当电弧长度由0.3 m缩短到0.1 m,两种情形下的熔池表面平均温度分别提升了2 500 K和46 K。相比于实心电极,中空电极更适合采用大电流和短弧长的运行方式,且合理控制弧长对提高中空电极电弧加热效率的效果更显著。In order to further explore the advantages of hollow electrode technology in titanium slag electric furnace smelting process,based on the actual electrode size of 25.5 MW titanium slag electric furnace,the mathematical models of hollow and solid electrode arc were established,and the distribution characteristics of electromagnetic field,temperature field and flow field of hollow and solid electrode arc were simulated.The effects of current magnitude and arc length on the surface temperature distribution of molten pool were studied.The results show that the larger values of current density,joule heating value,velocity,and temperature in the arc are located near the cathode spot.In the situation of hollow electrode,the area is below the centerline of the inner and outer diameters.And in the situation of solid electrode,the area is near the central axis.When using hollow electrode,the surrounding arc will converge towards the central axis,which is beneficial for improving the efficiency of arc heating materials.When the current value increases from 34 kA to 54 kA,the average surface temperature of the molten pool in both cases increases by 708 K and 109 K,respectively.When the arc length was reduced from 0.3 m to 0.1 m,the average surface temperature of the molten pool in both cases increased by 2500 K and 46 K,respectively.Compared to solid electrode,the hollow electrode is more suitable for using the operation mode of high current and short arc length,and the reasonable control of arc length has a more significant effect on improving the heating efficiency of hollow electrode arc.

关 键 词：钛渣 电炉冶炼 中空电极 电弧特性 数值模拟 电流大小 电弧长度 

分 类 号：TF823[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF806.6