政府获取平台数据权力的构造与边界  

The Structure and Boundary of Government’s Power of Data Collection from Platforms

作　　者：马允[1] MA Yun(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京102249

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期49-59,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“通用行政法典编纂问题研究”(22AFX007);国家社科基金青年项目“国家公园体制中的保护地役权制度研究”(21CFX063)。

摘　　要：基于个案调查、行业监管和行政决策等多元目的,政府以强制调取、要求企业报送和端口接入等多样化的方式获取平台数据。基于行政权对平台数据资产权益、经营自主权以及个人信息权益的干预,厘清政府获取平台数据的权力构造和边界。不同场景下的政府权力呈现行政调查、行政检查和新型权力样态的杂糅,产生了法依据析出难题和传统权力约束规范在新场景下的准用难题。场景化和类型化的思路有助于实现权力的精准规范,须借助“主体-目的-手段”要素细化场景,厘清新型权力行使的正当性边界,以获取数据对个人信息造成的风险程度和对平台形成的负担类型为标准,匹配有差别的程序控制要求和实体审查标准,形成权利保护和权力约束的梯度构造。Driven by such multiple purposes as case investigation, industry supervision and administrative decision-making, the government obtains platform data in various ways such as mandatory access, requiring enterprises to report and port access, etc. In view of administrative interference in platform's rights and interests in data assets, operational autonomy, and personal information rights and interests, the structure and boundary of the governments power of data collection from platforms should be clarified. In different scenarios, the government's collection of data presents a mixture of administrative investigation, administrative inspection and newly emerged power patterns, resulting in the problem of separating legal basis and the problem of applying traditional power constraint norms in the new scenario. The idea of scenario and typology helps to realize the precise regulation of power, and it is necessary to refine the scenarios with the “subject-end-means”elements, and clarify the legitimacy boundary of the exercise of new types of power;With the degree of risk posed to personal information by the acquisition of data and the type of burden on the platform caused by mandatory data collection as the criteria, this paper proposes matching the requirements of differentiated procedural control and the standards of substantive review, so as to form the gradient construction of the rights protection and the rights constraints.

关 键 词：数据报送义务 行政调查 行政检查 个人信息保护 数据权益 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]