气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Air-suction Double-row Staggered Precision Seed Metering Device for Maize Dense Planting

作　　者：王韦韦[1,2] 宋岚洲 石文兵 魏德华 陈永新 陈黎卿[1,2] WANG Weiwei;SONG Lanzhou;SHI Wenbing;WEI Dehua;CHEN Yongxin;CHEN Liqing(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省智能农机装备工程研究中心,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第3期53-63,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52005008、52275229);安徽省农业物质技术装备揭榜挂帅项目(2022296906020007)。

摘　　要：针对大豆-玉米复合密植播种模式下传统气吸式排种器单行种盘高转速作业导致充种时间短、气流稳定性差,难以实现高速精量密植播种的问题,设计了一种气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器,阐述了排种器结构与工作原理,对其工作过程及关键部件进行理论分析,构建充种和投种环节的种子力学模型,确定排种盘内外环型孔排布、投种轮、气室等关键结构参数,并开展单、双气道内负压分布、型孔内气流场特性分析,基于DEM-CFD耦合方法对排种器的排种过程进行仿真分析,以作业速度、气室结构和负压为试验因素,充种合格指数、重充指数和漏充指数为评价指标,优选出最优气室结构。通过台架试验开展不同气吸式排种器排种性能对比试验。试验结果表明,在作业速度为5~10 km/h的高速密植工况下,气吸双行错置式密植精量排种器排种合格指数均大于88.7%,且作业速度为10 km/h时,相较于常用单圆环气吸式排种器合格指数提高5.5个百分点,漏播指数降低5.6个百分点;田间试验结果表明,在作业速度为5 km/h下,播种合格指数为95.7%,重播指数为1.6%,漏播指数为2.8%。提出的气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器在高速作业时拥有良好的排种性能,能够满足大豆-玉米高速精量密植播种要求。A air-suction double-row staggered precision seed metering device was designed to address the problems of short filling time and poor airflow stability caused in the high-speed operation of the traditional air-suction seeder's single row seed tray,which made it difficult to achieve high-speed and precise seeding in the soybean corn compound dense planting mode.The structure and working principle of the seeder were explained,theoretical analysis of the seeding process and key components,construction of seed mechanics models for filling and seeding stages,determination of key structural parameters such as the arrangement of inner and outer ring holes in the seeding disc,seeding wheel,and air chamber,and analysis of negative pressure distribution and airflow characteristics inside single and double air passages were done.Based on the DEM-CFD coupling method,the seeding process of the seeder was simulated and analyzed with operating speed,air chamber structure and negative pressure as experimental factors,and filling qualification rate,refilling rate and leakage rate as evaluation indicators,the optimal chamber structure was selected.A comparative test was conducted on the seeding performance of different air-suction seeders through bench tests.The test results showed that the air-suction double-row staggered dense planting precision seeder had a seeding qualification index greater than 88.7%under high-speed dense seeding conditions with operating speeds of 5~10km/h.Moreover,compared with the commonly used single ring air-suction seeder at operating speed of 10km/h,the qualification index was increased by 5.5 percentage points and the missed seeding indexwas decreased by 5.6 percentage points.The field test results showed that under the working condition of 5km/h,the qualified sowing index was 95.7%,the replanting index was 1.6%,and the missed sowing index was 2.8%.The proposed air-suction double-row staggered corn dense planting precision seeder had good seeding performance in high-speed operation and could meet the

关 键 词：玉米 双行错置式 气吸式排种器 DEM-CFD 气室结构 

分 类 号：S224.29[农业科学—农业机械化工程]