植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植机移植部件设计与试验  

Design and Test of Rock Wool Block Seedling Transplantation Mechanism in Plant Factory

作　　者：童俊华[1,2] 刘珂 刘霓红 孙良 王小琴[1] NORUPIRI R Obedience TONG Junhua;LIU Kei;LIU Nihong;SUN Liang;WANG Xiaoqin;NORUPIRI R Obedience(School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplanting,Hangzhou 310018,China;Guangdong Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Guangzhou 510630,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Southeastern Hilly and Mountainous Areas,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学机械工程学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江省种植装备技术重点实验室,杭州310018 [3]广东省现代农业装备研究所,广州510630 [4]农业农村部东南丘陵山地农业装备重点实验室,杭州310018

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第3期106-114,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000702)。

摘　　要：目前植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植装备自动化程度低,作业时大多依赖于人工,劳动强度大,效率低。基于植物工厂水培叶菜种苗移植现状设计了一种二级变间距的高速移植部件,并配备有一种拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构。对移植手取苗过程中岩棉块种苗进行受力分析,为移植手设计提供依据;开展拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构落杯试验,为后续植苗至栽培槽孔的定植杯中奠定基础。搭建移植机构试验平台,以取苗深度、岩棉块含水率、移植部件横移速度、移植手升降速度、移植手夹苗间距为试验因素进行五因素三水平正交试验,通过方差分析各因素对移植成功率的影响。试验结果表明:当取苗深度为24 mm、岩棉块含水率为90%、移植部件横移速度为0.8 m/s、移植手升降速度为0.24 m/s、移植手夹苗间距为14 mm时,机构移植成功率为97.9%,移植速度为3132株/h,能够满足高速、高效、稳定的植物工厂岩棉块叶菜种苗移植机械化作业的技术需求。The plant factory rock wool block seedling transplantation equipment has a low penetration rate at present,and most of the operation still relies on manual labor,which is labor-intensive and inefficient.A high-speed transplantation mechanism combining secondary variable spacing for hydroponic leafy vegetable seedlings in plant factories was designed,and it was also equipped with a finger-type planting cup separation mechanism.The stress analysis of rock wool block seedlings in the process of transplanting hand picking seedlings was carried out to provide basis for the design of transplanting hand.The drop cup test of the finger-type planting cup separation mechanism was carried out to lay the foundation for the subsequent planting of seedlings to the planting cup of the cultivation slot.The transplanting mechanism test bench was built,and the transplanting success rate was tested by five-factor three-level orthogonal test with the grasping seedling depth,water content of rock wool block,overall traverse speed,lifting speed,and clamping spacing as the test factors.The influence of each factor on the success rate index was analyzed by variance analysis.The test showed that the seedling depth was 24mm,rock wool block water content was 90%,overall traverse speed was 0.8m/s,lifting speed was 0.24m/s,clamping spacing was 14mm,the transplantation success rate of the mechanism was 97.9%,and the transplant speed reached 3.132 plants/h.which can meet the technical requirements of high-speed,high-efficiency and stable mechanized operation of rock wool block leaf vegetable seedling transplanting in plant factory.

关 键 词：移植机 岩棉块种苗 移植手 植物工厂 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]