机收棉田残膜混合物粉碎揉丝装置设计与试验  

Design and Test of Crushing and Kneading Device for Machine Harvested Cotton Field Residual Film Mixture

作　　者：谢建华 孟庆河 张佳 刘旺 杜亚坤 李沅泽 石鑫[4] XIE Jianhua;MENG Qinghe;ZHANG Jia;LIU Wang;DU Yakun;LI Yuanze;SHI Xin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Engineering,Urumqi 830023,China;Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆工程学院机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830023 [4]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第3期133-144,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02046、2022B02017);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2023C08)。

摘　　要：针对机收残膜混合物资源化利用困难、现有粉碎与揉丝装置处理的残膜混合物不满足白星花金龟幼虫适口性等问题,设计了一种残膜混合物粉碎揉丝装置,利用粉碎揉丝技术对残膜混合物进行加工处理以满足白星花金龟幼虫的适口性。该装置主要由粉碎装置、输送装置和揉丝装置等组成,通过对残膜混合物粉碎、揉丝装置作业过程进行运动学与动力学分析确定了各零部件的结构参数与工作参数。为了验证残膜混合物粉碎揉丝装置的作业性能,以粉碎辊转速、揉丝辊转速与揉丝辊间隙作为试验因素,残膜破碎合格率、棉秆粉碎长度合格率、棉秆揉丝率为试验指标进行三因素三水平二次回归响应面试验,建立了回归模型,分析了各因素对残膜混合物粉碎揉丝装置作业性能的影响,并进行了参数优化与试验验证。试验结果表明:影响残膜破碎合格率和棉秆粉碎长度合格率的因素大小顺序为粉碎辊转速、揉丝辊间隙、揉丝辊转速;影响棉秆揉丝率的因素大小顺序为揉丝辊间隙、揉丝辊转速、粉碎辊转速。优化后最优工作参数组合为:粉碎辊转速13.0 r/min、揉丝辊转速60.0 r/min、揉丝间隙1.6 mm。以此参数组合进行试验,得到残膜破碎合格率、棉秆粉碎长度合格率和棉秆揉丝率平均值分别为90.4%、92.6%、92.2%,与理论优化值相对误差不超过2.0%,研究结果可为残膜混合物粉碎揉丝装置的设计提供参考。In response to the difficulties in resource utilization of machineharvested residual film mixtures,and the fact that the residual film mixtures processed by the existing shredding and kneading devices do not satisfy the palatability of larvae of white-starred golden tortoise,a residual film mixture crushing and kneading device was designed,processing of residual film mixtures to meet the palatability of white-starred golden tortoise larvae using crushing and kneading techniques.The device was mainly composed of crushing device,conveying device and silk kneading device,etc.The structural and working parameters of each component were determined through kinematic and dynamic analysis of the operation process of the residual film mixture crushing and silk kneading device.In order to verify the operational performance of the residual film mixture crushing and kneading device,a three-factor,three-level quadratic regression response surface experiment was conducted by using the grinding roller speed,kneading roller speed,and kneading roller gap as experimental factors,and the residual film crushing qualification rate,cotton stem crushing length qualification rate,and cotton stem kneading rate as experimental indicators.A regression model was established to analyze the impact of each factor on the operational performance of the residual film mixture crushing and kneading device,and parameter optimization and experimental verification were carried out.The experimental results showed that the main and secondary factors affecting the qualified rate of residual film crushing and the qualified rate of cotton straw crushing length were the speed of the crushing roller,the gap between the kneading rollers,and the speed of the kneading roller.The main and secondary order of factors affecting the cotton straw kneading rate was the gap between kneading rollers,speed of kneading rollers,and speed of crushing rollers.The optimized optimal working parameters were:crushing roller speed of 13.0r/min,kneading roller speed of 60.0r/min,k

关 键 词：残膜混合物 粉碎 揉丝 对辊式 尖角接触 

分 类 号：S226.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]