减施氮肥和接种根瘤菌对大豆生理生长与氮素利用效率及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Rhizobia Inoculation on Physiological Growth, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Soybean

作　　者：向友珍[1,2] 张威 唐子竣 付骏宇 李志军 张富仓[1,2] XIANG Youzhen;ZHANG Wei;TANG Zijun;FU Junyu;LI Zhijun;ZHANG Fucang(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第3期340-351,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52179045);大学生创新性实验项目(S202210712619)。

摘　　要：在干旱、半干旱地区农业生产中,广泛采用接种根瘤菌、施用氮素等措施来促进大豆生长以提高产量,然而少有研究讨论接种根瘤菌与施用氮素的交互作用对大豆生长和产量的影响规律。本研究通过为期2年的田间试验,设置4个施氮水平(N0:0 kg/hm^(2);N1:60 kg/hm^(2);N2:120 kg/hm^(2);N3:180 kg/hm^(2))和2种接种水平,即接种根瘤菌(R)和清水拌种。在大豆各生育期测量根瘤数、根瘤干质量、叶面积指数、干物质积累及根系特性等大豆生长指标和叶绿素含量、光合参数、荧光参数等生理指标,同时还测定氮素吸收量等指标并计算氮素利用效率。结果表明,RN2处理下的大豆生长状况最佳,2年平均最大根瘤数为241.47、最大根瘤干质量为1.30 g、最大根长密度为15.00 cm/cm^(3)、最大叶面积指数为5.44 cm^(2)/cm^(2)、最大干物质积累量为17 530.51 kg/hm^(2)、最大叶绿素含量为53.55、最大净光合速率为32.75μmol/(m^(2)·s)、最大种子产量为4 659.4 kg/hm^(2)。由此可见减少氮肥施用量(N2)的同时接种根瘤菌(R)对于促进关中平原大豆的生理生长、提升对氮素的利用效率、提高大豆产量具有重要意义。本研究可为提高干旱半干旱地区大豆生产水平提供理论支持和实践经验。In agricultural production within arid and semiarid regions,common practices involve rhizobium bacteria inoculation and nitrogen application to promote soybean growth and increase seed yields.However,there has been limited research on the interaction between rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen application and their impact on soybean growth and yield.This twoyear field experiment aimed to address this gap by investigating four nitrogen application levels(N0:0kg/hm^(2),N1:60kg/hm^(2),N2:120kg/hm^(2),N3:180kg/hm^(2))and two inoculation levels:rhizobium inoculation(R)and water mixed with no inoculation(unmarked).Various parameters related to soybean growth,including nodule number,nodule dry weight,leaf area index(LAI),biomass accumulation and root characteristics,were measured at different growth stages.Additionally,physiological indicators such as chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters and nitrogen uptake,along with nitrogen use efficiency calculations were assessed.The results demonstrated that soybean growth reached its optimum under the RN2 treatment,with maximum nodule number of 241.47,maximum nodule dry weight of 1.30g,maximum root length density of 15.00cm/cm^(3),maximum LAI of 5.44cm^(2)/cm^(2),maximum biomass accumulation of 17530.51kg/hm^(2),maximum chlorophyll content of 53.55,maximum net photosynthesis rate of 32.75μmol/(m^(2)·s),and maximum seed yield of 4659.4kg/hm^(2).In conclusion,reducing nitrogen fertilizer application(N2)while concurrently inoculating with rhizobium(R)was essential for enhancing the physiological growth of soybeans in the Guanzhong Plain,improving nitrogen use efficiency and increasing soybean yields.The research result can provide both theoretical underpinning and practical experience to elevate soybean production in arid and semi-arid regions.

关 键 词：大豆 施氮 接种根瘤菌 氮肥利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S127