土壤类型和地下水埋深对黄河三角洲典型盐沼植物群落空间分异的影响  

Effects of soil type and groundwater depth on spatial differentiation of typical salt marsh plant communities in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：张乃鹏 梁洪儒 张焱 孙超 陈勇 王路路 夏江宝[3] 高芳磊 Naipeng Zhang;Hongru Liang;Yan Zhang;Chao Sun;Yong Chen;Lulu Wang;Jiangbao Xia;FangLei Gao(Dongying Municipal Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta,Dongying Hydrological Center,Dongying,Shandong 257100;Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements,Command Center for Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055;Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta,Shandong University of Aeronautics,Binzhou,Shandong 256603)

机构地区：[1]东营市水文中心东营市黄河三角洲水文生态重点实验室,山东东营257100 [2]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055 [3]山东航空学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第2期32-44,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室开放课题(2022KFKTC017);国家自然科学基金(32001302)。

摘　　要：目前对黄河口盐沼和贝壳堤盐沼植被带状分布序列分异的水盐耦合机制仍不清楚。为了更好地保护与利用黄河三角洲典型盐沼生态系统,本研究以黄河三角洲7种常见植物组成的群落为研究对象,采用温室模拟控制实验,探究了两种常见土壤类型(贝壳砂土壤和滨海潮土)和8个地下水埋深水平(10 cm、20 cm、30 cm、40 cm、50 cm、60 cm、70 cm和80 cm)对实验群落特征和表层土壤物理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)与滨海潮土相比,贝壳砂土壤能维持更高的植物丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性,植物丰富度在贝壳砂土壤随着地下水埋深的增加呈单峰变化,而在滨海潮土无显著变化;(2)随地下水埋深的增加,贝壳砂土壤植物群落由盐生群落逐步变为中旱生植物群落类型,而滨海潮土始终为盐生植物群落类型;(3)贝壳砂土壤表层含水量显著低于滨海潮土,随着地下水埋深的增加,贝壳砂土壤表层含水量呈“凹”型变化,而滨海潮土表层含水量呈线性递减变化;(4)滨海潮土表层含盐量显著高于贝壳砂土壤,随着地下水埋深的增加,贝壳砂土壤表层含盐量呈双峰变化,而滨海潮土无明显变化。综上所述,不同土壤类型和地下水埋深决定了不同的水盐运移规律,从而产生了不同生境类型,这是黄河三角洲典型盐沼——黄河口湿地和贝壳堤湿地植物群落分异和生物多样性维持的主要机制。Aims:Zonation patterns of plant communities are determined by abiotic factors,such as soil salinity across the elevation gradient at the coastal salt marsh.Currently,little study has tested the spatial variation of zonation patterns at the costal salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta.In this study,we fill this knowledge gap by conducting a simulated experiment in a greenhouse to investigate the effects of soil type and groundwater depth on the spatial differentiation of salt marsh plant communities.Methods:We constructed plant communities consisting of seven common species in the Yellow River Delta in two soil types(i.e.,coastal soil and shell sand soil),and subjected them to eight levels of soil depth.After two months,we counted the number of living species and measured aboveground biomass of each species.Results:(1)Richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of plant communities in the shell sand soil were greater than that in the coastal soil,and plant richness exhibited a unimodal pattern as groundwater depth increased in the sand soil.Plant richness did not exhibit the same unimodal pattern for coastal soil.The same unimodal pattern was observed for Shannon-Wiener diversity in response to increasing the groundwater depth in both shell sand soil and coastal soil,peaking at groundwater depths of 60 cm and 70 cm,respectively.(2)With increasing of groundwater depth,plant communities in the shell sand soil changed from halophytic community type dominated by Suaeda salsa and Cynanchum chinense to mesophytic community type dominated by Artemisia mongolica and Ziziphus jujujuba.However,aboveground biomass of plant communities was unaffected by soil type,and only showed a unimodal pattern with increasing groundwater depth.(3)Water content in the shell sand soil was significantly lower than that in the coastal soil,decreasing as groundwater depth increased and stabilizing at a depth of 60 cm.Similarly,water content of the coastal soil showed a negative relationship as groundwater depth increased,keeping stable from a d

关 键 词：滨海湿地 贝壳砂土壤 滨海潮土 土壤水盐运移 植物多样性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]